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EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE. BY. NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU. Outline. Introduction Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect Ozone Production and Loss Processes Effect of Volcanic Eruption Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery

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EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

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  1. EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ON STRATOSPHERIC OZONE BY NWADIKE ONYINYECHUKWU

  2. Outline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  3. Outiline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  4. The climate system and interaction Glossary: Luft=air, Eis=ice, Wechselwirkung=interaction, Kreisläufe=cycles, kurzwellig=shortwave, langwellig=long wave, Schnee=snow, Weltraum=space,Strömung=current, Seen=lakes, Flüsse=rivers, Niederschlag=precipitation, Zuläufe=streams, Wolken=clouds Mark Weber, 2004

  5. Outline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  6. +VE Forcing, warming of the earth by WMGHG conc. -VE Forcing, ozone depletion in stratosphere, cooling of earth. Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect Primary forcing mechanism affecting stratospheric climate change WMO, 2006

  7. The Roles of Trace Gases in the Stratosphere Willams Brunne, 1991

  8. Sources ,Reservior, and Reactive Species for the Chemical Species Willams Brunne, 1991

  9. Outiline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  10. Stratospheric Ozone Production WMO, 2006

  11. CHAPMAN CYCLE

  12. OZONE DESTRUCTION CYCLE WMO, 2006

  13. Principal Steps in the Depletionof Stratospheric Ozone WMO, 2006

  14. Polar Ozone Depletion Hofmann et al. 1994

  15. Outline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  16. Effect of Volcanism • Large volcanic eruptions decreases solar transmission to Earth’s surface. • Increase in ozone depletion by the emitted particles. WMO, 2006

  17. Outline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  18. Global Ozone: Recovery Stages WMO, 2006

  19. Outline • Introduction • Atmospheric Forcing of Climate Change: Anthropogenic effect • Ozone Production and Loss Processes • Effect of Volcanic Eruption • Effect of Montreal Protocol on Ozone Recovery • Conclusion / Summary

  20. Conclusions/Summary • CFCs account for large ozone destruction because they have longer lifetime • Human activites contribute to indirect radiative forcing effect • Volcanic eruptions is a natural process that enhance Ozone depletion but cannot be predicted. • Montreal Protocol may lead to a complete ozone recovery by the year 2100

  21. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANY QUESTIONS?

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