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Chesapeake Bay Program Monitoring Activities and Monitoring Network Design

Chesapeake Bay Program Monitoring Activities and Monitoring Network Design. Stephen D. Preston U.S. Geological Survey / Chesapeake Bay Program Office Annapolis, Maryland. NY. PA. MD. DE. WV. VA. Chesapeake Bay Geography. Watershed Characteristics

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Chesapeake Bay Program Monitoring Activities and Monitoring Network Design

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  1. Chesapeake Bay Program Monitoring Activities and Monitoring Network Design Stephen D. Preston U.S. Geological Survey / Chesapeake Bay Program Office Annapolis, Maryland

  2. NY PA MD DE WV VA Chesapeake Bay Geography Watershed Characteristics * 64,000 square miles in area * includes parts of six States & DC * 9 major drainages Chesapeake Bay Watershed Land Use Bay Characteristics * 4,500 square miles in area * encompassed by two States MD and VA * most drainage comes from PA, MD and VA

  3. Chesapeake Bay Impairments Variety of Ecological Impacts - Eutrophication • Anoxia • Seasonal Algal Blooms • Loss of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation • Loss of Economically Important Species

  4. Tidal Water-Quality Monitoring

  5. Objectives of Tidal Monitoring • A. Characterization, Status • - Water-Quality Criteria • - Nutrient Reduction Goals • - Biological and Ecological Indicators • B. Temporal Changes - Long-Term Trends • C. Tidal Water-Quality Modeling • D. Understanding of Processes Related to the • Attainment of Water-Quality Criteria and • Other Restoration Goals

  6. Designated Uses for Chesapeake Bay A. Cross Section of Chesapeake Bay or Tidal Tributary Shallow Water Open Water Deep Water Deep Channel B. Oblique View of the “Chesapeake Bay” and its Tidal Tributaries Migratory Finfish Spawning and Nursery Habitat Open Water Habitat Shallow Water Habitat Deep Water Deep Channel

  7. Application of Water-Quality Criteria

  8. Spatial Extent of Tidal Monitoring CBP Monitoring Segmentation

  9. Potential Approaches for Tidal Monitoring A. Buoy Systems * Potential Need - Dissolved Oxygen Criteria B. Probability-Based Monitoring * Potential Need - Shallow-Water Monitoring C. Fixed-Station Monitoring * Potential Need - All Objectives, Some Designated Uses D. Continuous Underway Monitoring Systems * Potential Need - Detailed Spatial Assessment E. Remote Sensing (Aerial Over-flights, Satellite Imagery) * Potential Need - Chlorophyll Criteria Attainment

  10. Fixed-Station Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Relation to the Open Water, Deep Water and Deep Channel Designated Uses

  11. Interpretation Of Fixed-Station Data

  12. Continuous Underway Monitoring

  13. Continuous Underway Monitoring

  14. Non-Tidal Water-Quality Monitoring Network Design

  15. Objectives of Non-Tidal Monitoring A. Flux from the Watershed - Load Estimation B. Temporal Changes - Long-Term Trends C. Effectiveness of BMP’s - Watershed Modeling D. Research / Education

  16. Objectives – Load Estimation WRIR 99-4238, Belval and Sprague

  17. Objectives – Trend Analysis WRIR 98-4192, Langland

  18. NITROGEN SOURCES URBAN FOREST DELIVERED LOAD, IN 105 KILOGRAMS PER YEAR AGRICULTURE SEPTIC ATMOSPHERIC gm / m2-yr POINT SOURCE 0 - 0 . 1 0 . 1 - 0 . 2 1985 1998 Patuxent River . 2 - . 3 0 0 . 3 - . 4 0 0 0 . 4 - 0 . 5 . 5 - . 6 0 0 Patuxent River Basin 0 0 . 6 - . 7 Total Nitrogen Delivered Yield 0 . 7 - 0 . 8 8 8 , 0 0 0 0 . 8 - 0 . 9 0 . 9 - 1 6 2 . N o d a t a 6 6 , 0 0 0 CONCENTRATION, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 4 , 0 0 0 4 2 2 , 0 0 0 0 0 Factors Affecting Nutrient Trends In Major Rivers of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Sprague and others (2000) WRIR 00-4218 TOTAL NITROGEN DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 7 EXPLANATION DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE CONCENTRATION

  19. Chesapeake Bay Stream-Load Data Base Time Period - 1987 Time Period - 1992

  20. “Non-tidal”data base • Constructed in mid-1990’s (NSC/USGS) • Contains nutrient and sediment data collected by State, Federal, and NGO’s. • 3 years minimum • Updated through 2002 • Linked to GIS so allows for analysis

  21. Initial Network Design • 703 Stream Gages • 313 Active Stream Gages 389 Active Water-Quality • >1700 Water Quality • 176 QW Associated with Stream Gages • 118 Sites Meet Frequency and/or Parameter Criteria for trends

  22. Implementation of strategies to meet water-quality criteria Nontidal network will provide first measure of water-quality improvements Nontidal Water-Quality Monitoring

  23. Areas of different loadings • Enhance network to target nutrient sources and loads • Assess reductions • Using SPARROW late 1990s version

  24. Initial Network Design • Evaluate current sites • Propose new locations • Tributary Basin boundaries • High load areas

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