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Binary Compounds

Binary Compounds. Binary Compound. A compound made up of two parts, a positive part and a negative part. H 2 O. Binary Compound. The positive part is always written first. H 2 O. Binary Compound. The negative part is always written second. H 2 O. Binary Compound. Examples:

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Binary Compounds

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  1. Binary Compounds

  2. Binary Compound A compound made up of two parts, a positive part and a negative part H2O

  3. Binary Compound The positive part is always written first H2O

  4. Binary Compound The negative part is always written second H2O

  5. Binary Compound Examples: NH4OH NaCl CO2 H2SO4 Mg(OH)2

  6. Chemical Formula A shorthand method of representing the makeup of chemicals... H2O

  7. Chemical Formula using chemical symbols and oxidation numbers. H2O

  8. Chemical Formula C6H12O6

  9. Chemical Formula (NH4)2SO4

  10. Oxidation Number The apparent charge on an atom. The charge on an ion.

  11. Oxidation Number Tells the number of electrons gained or lost when forming compounds.

  12. Oxidation Number Atoms with positive oxidation numbers lose electrons. Na+

  13. Oxidation Number Metals commonly have positive oxidation numbers. Na+

  14. Oxidation Number Atoms with negative oxidation numbers gain electrons. Cl-

  15. Oxidation Number Nonmetals commonly have negative oxidation numbers. Cl-

  16. Oxidation Number The sum of the oxidation numbers in a chemical formula is equal to zero. Na+ Cl-

  17. Subscripts Small numbers to the lower right of a chemical symbol. H2O

  18. Subscripts Represent the number of atoms of the element in the compound. H2O

  19. Subscripts Subscripts of 1 are never used, they are understood. H2O

  20. Subscripts Multiply the subscript by the oxidation number. H2O

  21. H2O Hydrogen: Oxidation # X Subscript + 1 X 2 = + 2

  22. H2O Oxygen: Oxidation # X Subscript - 2 X 1 = - 2

  23. H2O Total Oxidation Number: ( + 2 ) + ( - 2 ) = 0

  24. A Simplification Make the oxidation of one element the subscript of the other element.

  25. A Simplification There is one possible problem! +2 -2 Ca2O2 CaO

  26. A Simplification There is one possible problem! These subscripts will reduce... +2 -2 Ca2O2 CaO

  27. A Simplification Subscripts MUST be written in their lowest form. CaO

  28. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when magnesium and chlorine combine?

  29. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when magnesium and chlorine combine? MgCl2

  30. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when sulfur and potassium combine?

  31. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when sulfur and potassium combine? K2S

  32. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when oxygen and aluminum combine?

  33. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when oxygen and aluminum combine? Al2O3

  34. Ion An atom (or atoms) with a charge.

  35. Ion Meaning the number of protons and electrons is no longer the same.

  36. Ion Chemists cannot change an atom's protons, so it must be the electrons that change.

  37. Ion H+ O-2 Mg+2 P-3 This atom has lost __ e-

  38. Ion H+ O-2 Mg+2 P-3 This atom has gained __ e-

  39. Ion H+ O-2 Mg+2 P-3 This atom has lost __ e-

  40. Ion H+ O-2 Mg+2 P-3 This atom has gained __ e-

  41. Polyatomic Ion A group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge.

  42. Polyatomic Ion NEVER change the subscripts in a polyatomic ion.

  43. Polyatomic Ion If more than one is needed in a formula, put parenthesis around the ion...

  44. Polyatomic Ion and add the subscript outside the parenthesis.

  45. Polyatomic Ion (NH4)2SO4

  46. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when calcium combines with the nitrate ion?

  47. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when calcium combines with the nitrate ion? Ca(NO3)2

  48. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when zinc combines with the sulfate ion?

  49. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when zinc combines with the sulfate ion? ZnSO4

  50. Example: What is the formula of the compound formed when the ammonium and phosphate ions combine?

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