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Exploring Life in the Universe: Interactions of Atoms, Molecules, and Chemistry in Space

This resource delves into the astrophysics, chemistry, and biology aspects related to life in the universe, focusing on the interactions between atoms and molecules in space, derived through spectroscopy, and discusses the existence and formation processes. The text explores topics including chemical bonds, photochemistry, thermochemistry, and biochemistry, providing insights into the molecular energies, forces, and potential curves in the universal context. Learn more about the spectrum of molecules and atoms through databases and rotational spectra studies, highlighting the importance of recognizing molecules in the interstellar medium and circumstellar shells. Discover how molecules are formed in the vicinity of young stars and the distribution of elements in space. Explore the unique characteristics of hydrogen detection, absorption properties in the UV region, and the significance of nonpolar analysis for hydrogen in different environments. Dive into the fascinating world of astrophysical chemistry and the intricacies of molecular behaviors in the vast universe.

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Exploring Life in the Universe: Interactions of Atoms, Molecules, and Chemistry in Space

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  1. EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences • Atoms - chemical bond • Carbon chemical bond • Atoms and molecules in space; • Informations derived from spectroscopy • Molecules in the universe; • Existance and formation • Interactions between light and matter ; • photochemistry, photoionization, • photofragmentation • Thermochemistry in the Universe • Biochemistry

  2. s E s : : : : n = 3 n = 2 n = 1 Molecular energies(orbitals) also quantized : : E : : : : : : 2x n = 3 n = 2 2x ? n = 1 2x

  3. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ NB - + - + - -

  4. - F: F: F: F: . U r 0 * * dU F = - dr * - * r

  5. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ U e.g. energy depends on the distance between atoms Potential curve r - + - + - -

  6. E E : : : : A(n=3) A(n=3) + B n = 3 n = 3 A(n=2) A(n=2) + B n = 2 n = 2 A(n=1) A(n=1) + B n = 1 n = 1 A A - B rAB

  7. Y A(n) + B A(n) + B v = 3 v = 2 E(v) v = 1 v = 0 rAB rAB A - B A - B

  8. max Ekin = Evib Evib increases with v Ekin Ekin Upot Upot A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal rAB

  9. Evib increases with v A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal Evib » C(v+1/2) rAB

  10. E(J) J=5 J=4 J=3 J=2 J=1 J=0 E(J)increases with J E(J) = BJ(J+1)

  11. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

  12. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  13. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  14. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

  15. ...or emission:

  16. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  17. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

  18. Wave- length prism

  19. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  20. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  21. H2

  22. Databases: • molecules: • http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html.en-us.en • http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/41f558ea2dcc24a0ead3ab58afde0443,0/Spectra/Catalogue_Spectra_5p4.html • atoms: • http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfm • http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.html

  23. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

  24. carbonmonoxide Microwave spectra / Rotational spectra methanol Glycine

  25. Glycine but:

  26. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules

  27. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :

  28. : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells:

  29. :Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells

  30. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10542.html:

  31. Formed in the vicinity of young stars (?)

  32. % elements by weight »75% »25% <1% Hydrogen(H) Helium(He) other(C,O,N,Si..)

  33. + -

  34. + + + + + nhn + - nAB nAB = nhn E

  35. + -

  36. + + + + + + nhn - nAB nAB = nhn E

  37. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

  38. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

  39. l = 21 cm n = 1420.4 MHz Lifetime: ..........106 ár (t0) Effective lifetime...500 ár (t)

  40. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

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