Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions (AIRE) Environmental Metrics

1. Atlantic Interoperability Initiative to Reduce Emissions (AIRE) Environmental Metrics DRAFT Presented by: Sandy Liu (AEE-100), Angel Morales (AEE-300) June 11, 2008

2. Aviation Environmental Issues Community Noise Impacts Air Quality Energy Global Climate Water Quality

3. NextGen and AIRE • AIRE is part of the NextGen effort • Environmental constraints to aviation growth are real and looming • AIRE allows FAA to address near term issues in stepping stone approach and lay the foundation for the future • Ultimate goal is innovative solutions that offer environmental protection and system efficiencies

4. NextGen: Safety, Security & Environment R,E&D Aircraft Technologies, Fuels & Metrics RESEARCH Characterize LAQ and climate impacts and define “significant” environmental impacts & interdependencies/ trade-offs Mature new aircraft and engine technologies & alternative fuels to mitigate aviation environmental impacts METHODS PROTOTYPE AIRE ATM Systems Vehicle Technologies Develop Ops procedures & integrate CLEEN technologies & alternative fuels for NAS mitigation Build models and controls to test in active EMS for validating trade-offs and capability NextGen 2025 NAS IMPLEMENTATION NextGen ATO Cap – Advanced Noise & Emissions Reduction ATO Cap – Validation Modeling

5. JFK ATL MIA AIRE Objectives • Hasten development of operational procedures to reduce aviation’s environmental foot print on a “gate-to-gate” basis • Quantify environmental benefits to aid in formulation of potential business cases • Accelerate incorporation and worldwide interoperability of procedures/standards • Capitalize on existing technology on either side of Atlantic • Identify implementation issues, obstacles, choke points, metrics and solutions, working with our European partners Showcase FAA “International Leadership” on Environment

6. CDA/Tailored arrivals can reduce fuel burn, emissions, and noise Surface awareness tools can reduce fuel burn for taxi and ground movements. EnhanceTrans Atlantic trajectory management to offer significant fuel savings AIRE - Implementing ATM Efficiency for Surface, Oceanic and Arrival Operations for Reduced Impacts

7. Oceanic EnRoute EnRoute Departure Arrival Surface Surface AIRE AIRE Domains

8. Environmental Approach • The AIRE domain demonstrations are proof of concept ATM system enhancements that have shown to offer major environmental benefits as well as improved operational efficiency. • For each AIRE domain technology/technique, statistically significant levels of fuel savings and emission and noise reductions will be quantified for the participating trans-Atlantic flights. • The cumulative measures will identify the overall potential “gate-to-gate” environmental mitigation possible for trans-Atlantic flights.

9. AIRE Environmental Measurement Potential (Reduce fuel burn/emissions)

10. AIRE-Oceanic Demonstration Objectives • Demonstrate fuel savings and emission reductions in trans-Atlantic flights through oceanic trajectory collaboration and optimization • Develop and evaluate new concepts, standards, procedures, and best practices in AIRE-Oceanic that lead to global inoperability, fuel savings and emission reductions • Capitalize on existing technologies on both sides of the Atlantic • Identify implementation issues, obstacles, bottlenecks, metrics and solutions, working with our European partners

11. Environmental Strategy and Oceanic Demo • AIRE Demos supports Environmental effort for the NextGen Technologies, Fuels and Metrics program • AIRE aims to achieve the NextGen goals to increase capacity by reducing significant community noise, local air quality emissions impacts in absolute terms and aviation greenhouse gas emissions impacts on the global climate.

12. Preliminary Environmental Benefits for Oceanic Demo CO2 Emissions Equivalencies for Demo: Energy: • CO2 emissions from 330 gallons or 6.8barrels of oil consumed • CO2 emissions from the 0.39electricity use of homes for one year Off-set Mitigation: • Carbon sequestered by 75 tree seedlings grown for 10 years Relative to Nature’s Cycle: • Carbon sequestered annually by 0.66 acres of pine or fir forests Conservation: • CO2 emissions avoided by recycling 1.0 tons of waste instead of sending it to the landfill

13. Metric Status by Domain:

14. Background Slides

15. Environmental Analyses - Technical measures • Objectives: • Define Baseline operations and environmental state. • Demonstrate enhanced technology/operations & measure/compute new environmental state. • Compare relative environmental impact changes, i.e., fuel burn ~f (alt,spd,wt,etc) • Conclude: “Greening” strengths and weaknesses. • Description Airborne Metrics: • Fuel use: D fuel ( use CFDR measure of fuel remaining (by weight)) • Engine Exhaust Emissions: CO2; CO; THC; NMHC; VOC: NOx; Sox; H2O - (use AEDT code to compute based on fuel use). [Simplified Surrogates: D mission length/distance travelled & aircraft type] • Operational capacity or throughput (track delay and throughput data) • Noise: SEL (dB) for arrivals (use AEDT code to computed from ops profiles) • Description Surface Metrics: • Fuel use: D fuel (estimate based on delta time (D t) burned from gate-taxi-TO) • Engine Exhaust Emissions: CO2; CO; THC; NMHC; VOC: NOx; Sox; H2O (use AEDT code to compute based on fuel use). • Operational capacity or throughput (track delay and throughput data) • Noise: DNL SEL – measure where available – existing predictions weak Note: Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) ~ f (trajectories, a/c type, no. operations) and* ICAO Engine Performance Database [ICAO, 1995] and other sources [Baughcum et al., 1996; Lee, 2000; Olivier, 1995].

16. Surface Demo Environmental Analysis Process Historical Baseline taxi times • MCR/JHL Measures Computations (VOLPE) * ICAO Engine Performance Database [ICAO, 1995] and other sources [Baughcum et al., 1996; Lee, 2000; Olivier, 1995]. Compute* Fuel burn difference Difference taxi time Derived ASDE-X Taxi time Compute AEDT Emissions differences Measure Baseline CFDR of participant a/c Difference in Fuel burn Measure ASDE-X CFDR of participant a/c

17. Flight Plan Data Oracle Query Flight Plans FPL & FP Parse Flight Plans Origin and Destination Airports, Aircraft Type, Departure Times Convert Airports Latitude/Longitude Merge & Sort Flight Information Aircraft Position Data Trajectory Algorithm Create 4D Trajectory Assign Airports & Aircraft Oracle Query Aircraft Position Reports POS, AEP, AGM, ADSA, CPDLC Merge & Sort Position Reports Analyze Flight Trajectory Remove Erroneous Points Convert Positions Latitude/Longitude Parse HF Positions ID, Position, Altitude, Time, Speed POS, AEP, AGM Messages Position Report Final Flown As Is Trajectory Convert Positions Waypoints Parse HF Positions ID, Position, Altitude, Time, Speed TO Messages Calculate Time & Determine Date Download & Parse Daily Winds Process Data through Fuel Burn Model Parse DL Positions ID, Position, Altitude, Time, Speed ADSA Messages Determine Speed Perform City Pair Analysis Parse DL Positions ID, Position, Altitude, Time, Speed CPDLC Messages Extract Altitude ATOP Fuel & Environmental Analysis ATOP Processing - CSSI Computations (VOLPE) AEDT derive emissions from Trajectories

18. CDA/TA Demo Environmental Analysis Measure Baseline CFDR • Measures Computations (VOLPE) PDARS data Difference in Fuel burn Measure CDA/TA CFDR AEDT compute baseline (emission & noise) Measure Baseline Trajectories Difference in Emissions and Noise Predictions AEDT compute CDA/TA (emission & noise) Measure CDA/TA Trajectories