Bellwork

1. Bellwork • What does it mean to be neglected?

2. Objectives • Define salutary neglect & explain how it affected the colonies • Define mercantilism & explain how triangular trade & the Navigation Acts relate to it

3. England & Colonial America Salutary Neglect: English policy of leaving the colonies to develop on their own. The main goal of England: To make money

4. Mercantilism • Economic policy that states colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country

5. MercantilismEconomic idea Mother Country Raw Materials & Gold/Silver Finished Products Colony

6. Navigation Acts • laws to limit Colonial trade • All trade must be done on British boats • Colonies could only trade with Britain • Leads to smuggling Mercantilism

7. Triangular Trade England Colonies Africa Middle Passage

10. French & Indian War(1754 – 1763) • The first major step in the road to Revolution

11. Why? The French and Indian War A War Between France and England and their allies in Colonial North America

12. The French and Indian War • Conflict between French and English over dominance in Europe in late 1600s and 1700s spilled over into America • In 1740 a common interest in Ohio River Valley led to tensions between French and British • Both sides built forts to claim territory

13. Battle over the Ohio River Valley The French had set up trading posts and forts in Canada and the Ohio River Valley. American Colonists saw them as a threat to westward expansion

14. The French and Indian War • In 1754 George Washington was asked to intervene for the British and expel the French • Washington’s troops defeated a small group of French but had to surrender when the French counterattacked (Fort Necessity) • The British suggested that the American colonies form an alliance with the Iroquois.

15. Albany Conference • During a meeting called the Albany Conference between the colonists and Iroquois, the Iroquois agreed to remain neutral • The conference issued the Albany Plan of Union – the first suggestion that the colonies unite to form a federal government.

16. Albany Plan of Union(1754) • United colonial effort to solve Indian problem • Strengthen colonial defenses • Leads to stronger colonial unity

18. Causes of French & Indian War • Desire to control the Ohio River Valley • Lingering hostilities between the French and British & the Indians and Colonists • George Washington’s attack @ Fort Duquesne

19. Treaty of Paris(1763) • Ends the War • France removed from North America (for the most part) • Great Britain emerged as dominant world power • Colonies have an increased confidence in military strength

22. The French and Indian War 1- Great Britain accumulates a massive debt 2- Begins to enforce laws and tax colonists Why? Vocabulary- Salutary Neglect British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws, meant to keep the colonies obedient

23. The Colonies Grow Discontented • The British victory caused an enormous British debt • Britain looked to its colonies to help pay for the war • In the spring of 1763, Pontiac, chief of the Ottawa people, united several Native American groups, including the Ottawa, Delaware, Shawnee, and Seneca peoples, to go to war against the British.

24. The Colonies Grow Discontented • They attacked forts and towns along the frontier • The British government did not want to pay for another war, so it issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 that limited western settlement. • Colonists were not allowed to settle in certain areas without the government’s permission. • The proclamation angered many farmers and land speculators

25. Proclamation of 1763 • Prohibits the colonists from moving west of the Appalachians • Colonists upset: limiting the freedom rights of the colonists. • Proclamation ignored

27. The Colonies Grow Discontented • In an effort to reduce Britain’s debt and pay for the British troops in North America, George Grenville, the British Prime Minister, implemented new tax policies in the colonies • Merchants smuggled goods in and out of America to avoid customs duties, or taxes paid on imports and exports. • Smugglers were sent before a naval court.

28. The Colonies Grow Discontented • Grenville also introduced the Sugar Actin the colonies • This act changed tax rates for raw sugar and molasses imported from foreign colonies • The act placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigo • Merchants felt the Sugar Act hurt trade and argued that it violated traditional English rights

29. The Stamp Act Crisis • To raise more money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765 • Stamps were required on most printed materials • The stamp tax was the first direct tax Britain had ever placed on the colonists. • When the Stamp Act took effect, the colonists ignored it

30. Stamp Act • First Direct Tax • use of stamped paper for legal documents, newspapers and playing cards. • stamp was to be proof that the tax had been paid. • Extremely unpopular, massive protests

31. The Stamp Act Crisis • The protests led to the Stamp Act being repealed in 1766 • Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, which gave them the power to make laws for the colonies. (an effort to assert its control)

32. Sugar Act New tax: Lower than original tax Goal: Stop smuggling Colonist Reaction: Ignore it: Continue to smuggle

33. Colonial Concerns Quartering Act: British troops in colonial homes Admiralty courts: No juries, defendants were “guilty until proven innocent” “No taxation without representation”

34. Colonial Resistance

35. Stamp Act Congress • Petition: - Please repeal the taxes Boycotts: - Refuse to buy all British goods, until Stamp Act repealed

36. What did the colonists need in order to boycott English goods?

37. Homespun: Women make clothing in their homes

38. Colonial Resistance (enforcement)

39. Sons of Liberty • Radicals mainly from Boston • Enforcers of boycotts

40. Sam Adams • Leader of the Sons of Liberty • Propaganda • Committees of correspondence

41. Results Stamp Act repealed Declaratory Act: Parliament has the power to pass laws on the colonies

42. Townshend Acts • 1767: Punishment for Stamp Act uprising • “Indirect Tax” to pay for royal judges • British troops to enforce the tax

43. “No Taxation without Representation” • Believed that only colonial governments could tax them • Colonies had no members (Representatives) in Parliament • No voice or say in Parliaments decisions = no right to tax

44. Colonial Reaction Some colonists were against independence, but for “no taxation w/o representation”. They promoted the use of petition to remove taxes, it that didn’t work….Boycott

45. The Boston Massacre

46. Boston Massacre(March 5,1770) • British soldiers fire on an unruly mob • Crispus Attucks What is a massacre?

47. John Adams • Lawyer • Member of Sons of Liberty • Defender of British soldiers accused of murder

48. Townshend Acts: Results • Decline in exports • 1770: Townshend Acts repealed • Tax remains on tea

49. Homework • Answer questions 1-10 in study guide, review notes, and highlight key vocabulary words

50. Tea Act (1773) • British East India Co: Monopoly on American tea trade • Lowers the price of tea • Colonists reaction: • Boston Tea Party