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Explore the importance of developing reading comprehension skills in primary and secondary education in Hungary, including methods, challenges, and solutions to improve students' understanding of texts.
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Readingcomprehensioninprimary and secondaryeducation *Developingreadingcomprehension is one of the main parts of Hungarianprimaryeducationfromgrade 1 Textbooksarewrittenaccordingtothisprincipal. (Reading and comprehension) *Readingcomprehensiontasksareimportantparts of thesecondaryschoolentranceexamtestsaswellasthatofthetwo-levelschool-leavingexaminationinsecondaryeducation Maturaexam Entranceexam
PISA (Programmefor International StudentAssessments) results • The results of theassessmentsrevealthat4 gradersperformwellinreadingcomprehension, however, studentsattheage of 15 performbelowtheaverageconcerningtheprocess , theapplication of theinformation and itsadoptationinsituationsdifferentfromthelearnedones.
The position of readingcomprehensioninteachingHungarian • In Hungary thefirst (basic) period of developingreadingcomprehensionlastsuptograde 4 • The development of readingendsbythe end of thefirst (basic) period • Instead of teachingreadingstudentshavetoprocessnewcontentusingtheirpreviousknowledge • InHungarianLiteraturelessonsstudentsdealswithanalysingthecontent, thegenres and theforms of fictionsfromgrade 5 tograde 8 and insecondaryeducation.InHungariangrammarlessonstheylearngrammar. • Teacherscanemployreadingcomprehensiontasksbesidesthematerialmentionedabove. Teachersareprovidedonlyfewopportunitiesfordevelopingreadingcomprehensionbythe curriculum • The methods and tasksappliedfordevelopingreadingcomprehensioninthefirst (basic) periodarepushedintothebackground.
Whatkind of readingmethodsarepushedinthebackgroundintheuppergrades? • Accordingto Józsefné dr.Zsolnai and dr. Mária dr.Mátyásisixdifferentways of readingcan be distinguished. Thesearethefollowing: • Silentreading – processingtexts; • Silentreading – searchfordata; • Meditativereading – e.g.reading a poem • Loud, expressivereading; • Readingafterpreparation – aftersilentreading; • Readingforaudience
Howtodevelopreadingcomprehensionskillsintheuppergrades? • Usingpractice and supplementaryexercisesbooksbesidesthecoursebook • Usingthetasks of theprevious National StudentAssessment of LinguisticCompetences and that of theschoolleavingexamination and theentranceexaminationforpractice.Thesetasksareavailableonthe Internet. • Using of therelavantpartsoftheHungarianGrammarbooksmainlyingrade 10.
The most commontypes of exercisesappliedfordevelopingreadingcomprehension • Matchingexercise. • Finishingsentenceswithwordsfrom a certain text. • Find out themeaning of thewordfromthecontext. • Trueorfalseexercises. • Puttingthesentencesintothecorrectchronologicalorder. • Answeringquestionsusingtheinformationinthe text. • Completing a chartwiththemissinginformation. • Summarizingthecontentwiththehelp of keywords.
Howtomakereadingcomprehensionskillsinthemothertongue more effective? • Availabletextbookssimilartotheonesusedinthefirst (basic) period • More practicebooks. • Devoting more timefordevelopingreadingcomprehensioninthe curriculum. • Fewerstudentsinclasses and groups. • Time forloud and meditativereading. • Practisingbasic, loudreadingintheuppergradesaswell.
