Civil Rights Video: Tracing Equality Movements and Legislation

2. 5 Civil Rights

3. Video: The Big Picture 5 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch05_Civil_Rights_Seg1_v2.html

4. 5 Learning Objectives • Trace the efforts from 1800 to 1890 of African Americans and women to win the vote 5.1 Outline developments of African Americans’ and women’s push for equality from 1890 to 1954 5.2

5. 5 Learning Objectives • Analyze the civil rights movement and the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 5.3 Assess statutory and constitutional remedies for discrimination pursued and achieved by the women’s movement 5.4

6. 5 Learning Objectives • Describe how other groups have mobilized in pursuit of their own civil rights 5.5 Evaluate the ongoing debate concerning civil rights and affirmative action 5.6

7. Video: The Basics 5 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_CivilRights_v2.html

8. Roots of Suffrage 5.1 • Slavery and Congress • The First Civil Rights Movements: Abolition and Women’s Rights • The 1850s: The Calm Before the Storm • The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws and Constitutional Amendments • Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme Court

9. Slavery and Congress Slave trade ended 1808 Introduction of cotton gin South became more dependent on agriculture Missouri Compromise of 1820 5.1

10. The First Civil Rights Movement: Abolition and Women’s Rights The American Anti-Slavery Society William Lloyd Garrison Arthur Tappan Seneca Falls Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?” 5.1

11. 5.1 Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

12. The 1850s: The Calm Before the Storm Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe “The little woman who started the big war” Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional Declared slaves were not U.S citizens 5.1

13. Thirteenth Amendment Black Codes Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause Fifteenth Amendment Excluded women National Woman Suffrage Association 5.1 The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Civil Rights Laws and Constitutional Amendments

14. Civil Rights, Congress, and the Supreme Court Civil Rights Act of 1875 Equal access to public accommodations Reconstruction (federal occupation of the South) ended 1877 Jim Crow laws Poll taxes Grandfather clause 5.1

15. 5.1 What did Jim Crow laws do?

16. 5.1Which amendment guaranteed the right to vote without regard to “race, color or previous condition of servitude”? Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment None of the above 5.1

17. 5.1 5.1Which amendment guaranteed the right to vote without regard to “race, color or previous condition of servitude”? Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment None of the above

18. The Push for Equality, 1890-1954 5.2 • The Founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Key Women’s Groups • Litigating for Equality

19. The Founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Race riots Progressive reformers worried such riots would get worse National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Oswald Garrison Villard W.E.B. Du Bois 5.2

20. 5.2 Why was the Niagara Movement founded?

21. Key Women’s Groups National American Woman Suffrage Association Headed by Susan B. Anthony Nineteenth Amendment National Woman’s Party National Consumers League Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 5.2

22. 5.2 Mr. President, how long must we wait for liberty?

23. Litigating for Equality Test Cases Challenged constitutionality of segregated law schools NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Struck down “separate but equal” 5.2

24. 5.2Which organization fought for protections for women workers? National American Woman Suffrage Association National Consumers League Woman’s Christian Temperance Union National Woman’s Party 5.2

25. 5.2 5.2Which organization fought for protections for women workers? • National American Woman Suffrage Association • National Consumers League • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union • National Woman’s Party

26. Video: In Context 5.3 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_CivilRights_v2.html

27. Explore Civil Rights: Are All Forms of Discrimination the Same? 5.2 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_oconnor_mpslag_12/pex/pex5.html

28. The Civil Rights Movement 5.3 • School Desegregation After Brown • A New Move for African American Rights • Formation of New Groups • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Statutory Remedies for Race Discrimination

29. School Desegregation After Brown “All deliberate speed” Brown not immediately implemented Cooper v. Aaron (1958) 5.3

30. A New Move for African American Rights Rosa Parks Boycott of the Montgomery city bus system Segregated bus system ruled unconstitutional 5.3

31. 5.3 Rosa Parks

32. Formation of New Groups Southern Christian Leadership Conference Martin Luther King Jr. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee “Freedom rides” 5.3

33. 5.3 When is a picture worth more than a thousand words?

34. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech President Lyndon B. Johnson’s priority Longest filibuster in Senate history 5.3

35. Statutory Remedies for Race Discrimination Education Department of Justice could bring cases against school districts De jure discrimination versus de facto discrimination Employment “Business necessity” of practices that excluded African Americans 5.3

36. 5.3Which civil rights group was founded by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.? The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee The Southern Christian Leadership Conference The Legal Defense and Educational Fund 5.3

37. 5.3 5.3Which civil rights group was founded by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.? • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • The Southern Christian Leadership Conference • The Legal Defense and Educational Fund

38. The Women’s Rights Movement 5.4 • The Equal Rights Amendment • The Equal Protection Clause and Constitutional Standards of Review • Statutory Remedies for Sex Discrimination

39. The Equal Rights Amendment Two key provisions: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Roe v. Wade Eroded support for Equal Rights Amendment 5.4

40. 5.4 Who continues to fight for the ERA?

41. The Equal Protection Clause and Constitutional Standards of Review Levels of scrutiny Suspect classifications Strict scrutiny Intermediate scrutiny Rational basis Craig v. Boren (1976) 5.4

42. 5.4 TABLE 5.1: What are the standards of review fashioned by the Court under the Equal Protection Clause?

43. Statutory Remedies for Sex Discrimination Equal Pay Act of 1963 Requires equal pay for equal work Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibits gender discrimination by employers Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 Bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students 5.4

44. 5.4 What are the practical consequences of pay equity?

45. Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist 5.4 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_CivilRights_v2.html

46. 5.4Which standard of review applies to cases alleging sex discrimination? Rational basis test Intermediate scrutiny Strict scrutiny All of the above 5.4

47. 5.4 5.4Which standard of review applies to cases alleging sex discrimination? • Rational basis test • Intermediate scrutiny • Strict scrutiny • All of the above

48. Other Groups Mobilize for Rights 5.5 • Hispanic Americans • American Indians • Asian and Pacific Island Americans • Gays and Lesbians • Americans with Disabilities

49. Hispanic Americans Hernandez v. Texas (1954) Jury should include other Mexican Americans Cesar Chavez United Farm Workers Union Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (renamed LatinoJustice) 5.5

50. 5.5 Who represents Hispanic Americans in Congress?