1. Why and How College Athletes Should be Paid Student E

2. Why and How College Athletes Should be Paid • Kevin Ware’s Injury & Exploitation • Reasons that college athletes are not paid • Response • Reasons colleges athletes should be paid • Popular proposed system • Solution • Questions • Works Cited

3. Kevin Ware’s Injury

4. Ware’s Injury Exploited (“Kevin Ware”)

5. Reasons Athletes are Not Paid • NCAA Considers them amateurs – “Student First” • “Student-Athlete” • Ernest Nemeth vs. University of Denver – Colorado Supreme Court, 1953 (McCormick) • “Prevent the dreaded notion that NCAA athletes could be thought of as employees” – NCAA Exec. Dir. Walter Byers (qtd. in McCormick) Response • “Student First” claim is untrue • Athletes pick classes and majors around sports schedule (Cooper) • Western Oklahoma State College (Wolverton) • Athletes are employees (McCormick) • Control, economic relationship, work leads to profit

6. Reasons Athletes are Not Paid • Scholarships can be worth $80,000 and $150,000 (Ford) • Many see this as fair payment • Most college athletes receive no scholarship money (Ford) • Scholarship value does not compare to revenue that the players bring their schools (Miller) • Many believe the massive amounts that athletes make as professionals justifies the fact that they are not paid in college • Most college athletes do not play professional sports (“NCAA Public Service Announcement”)

7. Why College Athletes Should be Paid • Ticket sales and broadcasting rights bring in massive sums of money • Michigan Football sold $70 million worth of tickets in 2011 (Michigan Ticket Prices; NCAA Attendance Report) • NCAA makes $125 million a year for broadcasting rights to BCS games • NCAA makes $771 million a year for broadcasting rights to NCAA Tournament • NCAA and schools profit from jersey sales • Schools only sell jerseys with numbers of star players • Professional athletes are paid for sales of their jerseys

8. Why College Athletes Should be Paid • Division I College Athlete Graduation rates (NCAA Research Staff)

9. Why College Athletes Should be Paid • Paying athletes will raise graduation rates • College athletes have no time to make money • Talented football and basketball players leave school early to play professionally • NBA Draft Statistics (NBA Draft History) • Last college graduate selected first: Kenyon Martin in 2000 • None of the first 16 picks in 2012 graduated • 9 of the last 10 American-born first overall picks attended college for 1 year or less If the athletes were paid in school, they would have less reason to leave school early, and more would graduate.

10. Popular Proposed System • Universities directly pay the students • Flat pay rate for all players • Schools without funds to pay players could cut less popular sports and decrease the amount of scholarships to make more money available (Dohrmann) • Not an ideal scenario

11. Solution • Remove rules preventing college athletes from making money off of their name and likeness • NCAA will be able to use player names for sales, and the players will receive a portion This will increase: • Jersey and t-shirt sales • Videogame sales • Allow players to sign endorsement deals • Athletic companies would be willing to pay college athletes to appear in advertisements • Could lead to a step toward parity

12. Conclusion • College athletes put in hours of work and make millions for their schools, often risking their health and well-being. • These athletes need to be paid, and the best possible solution is to lift some of the rules that prevent players from being able to make money.

13. Questions • Do you agree that college athletes should be paid? • Do you agree that the best way to pay them is by allowing them to make money from sales and endorsements?

14. Works Cited • Cooper, Kenneth J. "Should College Athletes Be Paid to Play? Michigan State Law Professors Robert and Amy McCormick Say Division I Athletes Qualify as 'Employees' Under Federal Labor Laws." Diverse Issues in Higher Education 28.10 (2011): 12. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. • Dohrmann, George. “Pay for Play.” Sports Illustrated 115.18 (2011): 52-59. Academic Search Elite. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. • Ford, William J. “Even Playing Field? Winning Athletic Program Can Bring Millions of Dollars and Instant Notoriety to A School. But Some Say College Athletes are Getting Played in the Process.” Diverse Issues in Higher Education 28.6 (2011): 11. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 21 Feb. 2013 • Hayes, Chris. “Fat Profits at NCAA while Athletes Play for Free.” msnbc. 1 Apr. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. • “Kevin Ware T-shirts Pulled by Adidas.” Sporting News. 5. Apr. 2013. Web. 9 Apr. 2013. • “Michigan Athletics Announces Ticket Prices for 2011 Season.” MGoBlue. University of Michigan, 14 Mar 2011. Web. 21 Feb 2013.

15. Works Cited • Miller, Anthony W. “NCAA Division I Athletics: Amateurism and Exploitation.” The Sport Journal 14.1 (2011). Academic OneFile. Web. 21 Feb. 2013. • “NBA Draft History.” National Basketball Association. 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 6 Mar. 2013. • NCAA. “NCAA Public Service Announcement.” Online video clip. YouTube, 24 Apr. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2013. • “NCAA Accumulated Attendance Report.” Oracle Reports. 10 Jan 2012. Web. 21 Feb 2013. • NCAA Research Staff. “Trends in Graduation-Success Rates and Federal Graduation Rates at NCAA Division I Institutions.” National Collegiate Athletic Association. Oct. 2012. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. • Wolverton, Brad. "Need 3 Quick Credits to Play Ball? Call Western Oklahoma." The Chronicle of Higher Education 59.12 (2012). Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.