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Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics. Advanced Biology – Spring 2013. What is a population?. Population : . What is a population?. Population : All the individuals of one species in a certain area. What is a population?. Population : All the individuals of one species in a certain area.

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Population Dynamics

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  1. Population Dynamics Advanced Biology – Spring 2013

  2. What is a population? • Population:

  3. What is a population? • Population: • All the individuals of one species in a certain area.

  4. What is a population? • Population: • All the individuals of one species in a certain area. • How do we determine a population size?

  5. What is a population? • Population: • All the individuals of one species in a certain area. • How do we determine a population size? • SAMPLING

  6. What is a population? • Population: • All the individuals of one species in a certain area. • How do we determine a population size? • SAMPLING • CAPTURE / MARKING

  7. Determining Population Size • Random Sampling:

  8. Determining Population Size • Random Sampling: • Several areas are randomly chosen then you count the individuals in the given area.

  9. Determining Population Size • Random Sampling: • Several areas are randomly chosen then you count the individuals in the given area. • Ex. Tree Plots

  10. Determining Population Size • Random Sampling: • Several areas are randomly chosen then you count the individuals in the given area. • Ex. Tree Plots • What if your individuals move frequently?

  11. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture:

  12. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • Capture the animals then put a tag on them.

  13. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • Capture the animals then put a tag on them. • Recapture animals and check for difference in marked vs. unmarked.

  14. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS:

  15. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS: • No immigration / emigration

  16. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS: • No immigration / emigration • Each individual is able to be equally captured

  17. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS: • No immigration / emigration • Each individual is able to be equally captured • Catching / Marking doesn’t affect recapture

  18. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS: • No immigration / emigration • Each individual is able to be equally captured • Catching / Marking doesn’t affect recapture • Each sample is random

  19. Determining Population Size • Capturing / Recapture: • ASSUMPTIONS: • No immigration / emigration • Each individual is able to be equally captured • Catching / Marking doesn’t affect recapture • Each sample is random • Tags can’t fall off

  20. Population Distributions

  21. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion:

  22. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion: • The spacing of the individuals within a population.

  23. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion: • The spacing of the individuals within a population. • Three Main Types:

  24. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion: • The spacing of the individuals within a population. • Three Main Types: • 1. Clumped

  25. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion: • The spacing of the individuals within a population. • Three Main Types: • 1. Clumped • 2. Uniform

  26. Population Distributions • Population Dispersion: • The spacing of the individuals within a population. • Three Main Types: • 1. Clumped • 2. Uniform • 3. Random

  27. Clumped Dispersion • Individuals live in areas of high local abundance surrounded by areas of low abundance.

  28. Uniform Dispersion • Individuals are evenly spaced through out the environment.

  29. Random Dispersion • Each individual has an equal probability of being anywhere.

  30. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity:

  31. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity: • The reproductive rate of individuals.

  32. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity: • The reproductive rate of individuals. • Death Rate (mortality):

  33. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity: • The reproductive rate of individuals. • Death Rate (mortality): • How often individuals die.

  34. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity: • The reproductive rate of individuals. • Death Rate (mortality): • How often individuals die. • Generation Time:

  35. Factors that affect populations • Fecundity: • The reproductive rate of individuals. • Death Rate (mortality): • How often individuals die. • Generation Time: • The age at which individuals can reproduce.

  36. Survivorship

  37. Survivorship • The percent of a group that survives to a certain age.

  38. Survivorship • The percent of a group that survives to a certain age. • Three Periods:

  39. Survivorship • The percent of a group that survives to a certain age. • Three Periods: • Pre-Reproductive = 0 - 15 years

  40. Survivorship • The percent of a group that survives to a certain age. • Three Periods: • Pre-Reproductive = 0 - 15 years • Reproductive = 16 – 45 years

  41. Survivorship • The percent of a group that survives to a certain age. • Three Periods: • Pre-Reproductive = 0 - 15 years • Reproductive = 16 – 45 years • Post-Reproductive = 46 years – death

  42. Survivorship Curves • A way to graph the three stages of an animals life.

  43. TYPE I – Late Loss

  44. TYPE 1 – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life

  45. TYPE I – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life • Low mortality rate at birth

  46. TYPE I – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life • Low mortality rate at birth • High Probability of surviving to an advanced age

  47. TYPE I – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life • Low mortality rate at birth • High Probability of surviving to an advanced age • Examples:

  48. TYPE I – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life • Low mortality rate at birth • High Probability of surviving to an advanced age • Examples: Elephants

  49. TYPE I – Late Loss • Reproduction early in life • Low mortality rate at birth • High Probability of surviving to an advanced age • Examples: Humans Elephants

  50. TYPE II – Constant Loss

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