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Understanding Cell Structure and Function: The Basics of Cellular Biology

This overview of cellular biology explains the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is the functional unit of life. It covers why cells divide, including healing and growth, and describes common cell structures such as the nucleus, organelles, cell membrane, and more. Each component's appearance and function are outlined, providing insights into the roles they play in the life of the cell and the organism.

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Understanding Cell Structure and Function: The Basics of Cellular Biology

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  1. Cell Parts and Functions

  2. The Cell Theory The cell theory states that: • All living things are composed of one or more cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells • The cell is the functional unit of life

  3. Why Cells Divide • Healing and Tissue Repair • Growth • Reproduction of Organisms

  4. Common Structures • Organelles – smaller parts of the cell with specific functions

  5. Nucleus Looks like: • A prominent sphere with a dark spot and squiggles inside Function: • Directs cell's activities

  6. Nucleolus Looks like: • A dark spherical mass within the nucleus Function: • Site of ribosome assembly and storage of RNA

  7. Chromatin Looks like: • Meshwork of fibers inside the nucleus Function: • Reproduction of traits

  8. Cell membrane Looks like: • Two thin double lines with pores Function: • Separates the cell and its contents from the environment

  9. Cell Wall Looks like: Double layer made of small fibers Function: Encloses plant cells

  10. Cytoplasm Looks like: Clear jelly like material Function: Contains cell organelles and used for transport

  11. Centriole Looks like: Small square like structures Function: Used in animal cell reproduction

  12. Vacuole Looks like: Fluid filled sacs surrounded by membrane Function: Used for digestion

  13. Chloroplast Looks like: Oval shape and gives plants green colour Function: Traps sun's energy to make sugar

  14. Flagellum Looks like: Long hair like structure Function: Helps the cell move

  15. Cilia Looks like: Hair like structures that cover cell Function: Helps cells move

  16. Mitochondria Looks like: Large rod shaped organelles Function: Power house of the cell

  17. Ribosomes Looks like: Spherical organelles attached to ER Function: Location of protein production

  18. Endoplasmic Reticulum Looks like: A system of tubes and channels Function: Storage, separation, and transport of materials in cell

  19. Golgi Apparatus Looks like: Closely stacked and flattened sacs found close to the nucleus and ER Function: Store proteins, enzymes, and carbs

  20. Lysosomes Looks like: Spherical organelles located in cytoplasm Function: Merge with vacuoles to digest food particles

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