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Comprehensive Overview of Earth's Physical Data and Lunar Characteristics

This document provides an extensive look into Earth's physical data, including its diameter (12,756.3 km), mass (5.976x10^27 g), density (5.518 g/cm³), and its rotation period of 23.9 hours. It discusses Earth's atmosphere composition, featuring 75.5% nitrogen and 23.1% oxygen, as well as the planet's magnetic field and the role of mantle currents in plate tectonics. Additionally, the characteristics of Earth’s Moon are covered, including its distance from Earth (384,400 km), mass (7.35x10^25 g), and unique surface features like maria and craters.

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Comprehensive Overview of Earth's Physical Data and Lunar Characteristics

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  1. The Terrestrial Planets,Part II The Earth

  2. EARTH

  3. Physical Data • Diameter: 12,756.3 km • Mass: 5.976x1027 g • Density: 5.518 g/cm3 • Rotation Period: 23.9 hours • Tilt of Axis: 23.5o • Surface Temperature: 200-300 K

  4. Physical Data • Orbital Semi-Major Axis: 1.49x1011 m (1 AU) • Orbital Period: 365.26 days • Orbital Inclination: 0o • Orbital Eccentricity: 0.017 • Satellites: 1 • Magnetic Field: yes

  5. Earth’s Interior

  6. Earth’s Interior • Currents in the Mantle Cause Plate Tectonics MOUNTAIN RANGE R I F F S OCEAN F L OOR T R ENCH CONT I NE NT MANT L E CURR ENT S

  7. Earth’s Surface Continental Drift

  8. Earth’s Surface

  9. Earth’s Atmosphere • 75.5% Nitrogen • 23.1% Oxygen • 1.29% Argon • 1.7-0.06% Water Vapor • 0.05% Carbon Dioxide • 0.0013% Neon • 0.00007% Helium

  10. Earth’s Atmosphere ( I on os phere )

  11. The Ionosphere F2 F1 E D F layers combine at night

  12. The Ionosphere • Altitudes of the Ionospheric Layers

  13. The Ionosphere • Reflection of Radio Waves

  14. The Ionosphere • Creation of Ions

  15. Earth’s Magnetic Field • Dipolar Field • Magnetic South Pole is Located in the Geographic North Pole! S S N N

  16. Van Allen Belts Inner Belt - Positive Protons Outer Belt - Negative Electrons Earth’s Magnetic Field e_ p+

  17. Aurorae • From the ground m

  18. The Auroral Oval From Space From the Space Shuttle Aurorae

  19. Magnetosphere Van Allen Belts gjjikui

  20. The Moon

  21. Earth’s Moon • Average Distance to Earth: 384,400km (238,855 miles) • Orbital inclination: 5.1o • Diameter: 3476 km (0.273 DEarth) • Mass: 7.35x1025 g (0.0123 MEarth) • Surface Temperature: -274o F (night) 266o F (day) • Surface Gravity: 0.167 Earth’s

  22. The Moon’s Interior

  23. Craters: Maria: The Moon’s Surface Older Terrain Younger Terrain

  24. Mare Orientale Largest impact crateron the Moon Has three concentric circular mountain ranges created by the impact The Moon’s Surface

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