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The Terrestrial Planets

The Terrestrial Planets. Warm Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2). Lesson Overview. Mercury Venus Mars. Quick Write. What drives people to explore? If you got the chance to visit space, where would you want to go and why? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS).

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The Terrestrial Planets

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  1. The Terrestrial Planets

  2. Warm Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  3. Lesson Overview Mercury Venus Mars Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  4. Quick Write What drives people to explore? If you got the chance to visit space, where would you want to go and why? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  5. The View of Mercury from Earth • Because Mercury is closest to the Sun you can only see it shortly before dawn or after dusk when the Sun is below the horizon Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  6. Mercury’s Density and Gravitational Pull • Diameter - 3,033 miles • Density - 5.43 times the density of water • Mariner 10 detected a magnetic field on Mercury, although it is not very strong Courtesy of NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  7. Mercury’s Rotation and Orbit Around the Sun • Mercury circles the Sun quickly (88 days) • Mercury’s orbit is the most eccentric • One solar day on Mercury lasts two Mercurian years – 176 Earth days • The planet rotates one and a half times for every time it goes around the Sun Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  8. Mercury’s Rotation and Orbit Around the Sun, cont. One side of Mercury is more massive than the other As a result, the Sun exerts a torque, a twisting force, on the planet Because of this, the planet’s rotational period is aligned with its orbital period Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  9. The View of Venus from Earth • The second closest planet to the Sun • Except for the Sun and Moon, it’s the brightest object in the sky • It is visible only in the evening after sunset and in the morning sky before sunrise Chapter 3, Lesson Courtesy of NASA/JPL

  10. Venus’s Density andMagnetic Field Venus is often called Earth’s sister planet Diameter is 95 percent of Earth’s Mass is 82 percent of Earth’s Its orbit is located closest to the Earth Density 5.24 times that of water Because Venus has a slow rotation (about 243 days), scientists wouldn’t expect it to have a strong magnetic field Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  11. Venus’s Rotation and Orbit Around the Sun More circular orbit than any other planet A solar day on Venus about 117 Earth days Venus rotates backwards While all eight planets revolve around the Sun in a counterclockwise fashion, Venus and Uranus are the only two that rotate in a clockwise fashion Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  12. Venus’s Surface and Atmosphere • All of Venus is drier than the driest desert on Earth • Venus has about a thousand craters • Venus has an atmosphere made up of about 96 percent carbon dioxide, 3.5 percent nitrogen and small amounts of water and sulfuric acid Chapter 3, Lesson 2 Courtesy of NASA/JPL

  13. The View of Mars From Earth • The best time to look at Mars is when it is in opposition—when a planet is directly opposite the Sun in the sky • Mars is in opposition about every 2.2 years Courtesy of NASA/ESA/The Hubble Heritage Team, STScI/AURA/J. Bell, Cornell University/M. Wolff, Space Science Institute Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  14. Mars’ Density and Magnetic Field Diameter about half of the Earth’s Mass is only one-tenth that of Earth Scientists calculate that Mars’ density is 3.93 times that of water, about 0.7 of Earth’s density Mars rotates almost as quickly as Earth Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  15. Mars’ Density and Magnetic Field, cont. • Mars doesn’t have a magnetic field • Mars probably lost its magnetic field about 4 billion years ago • The Sun’s solar wind erodes Mars’ atmosphere and contributes to its loss of water Courtesy of ESA/DRL/FU Berlin (G. Neukum) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  16. Mars’ Rotation and Orbit Around the Sun Orbits the Sun from about 143 million miles away Day is 24 hours and 40 minutes Equator tilts 25.2 degrees Eccentricity of Mars’ orbit causes it to be much closer to the Sun during parts of its year than others Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  17. Mars’ Surface and Atmosphere • Olympus Mons is the largest known mountain in the Solar System • Liquid water played an important role in shaping the planet’s surface • Today rainfall is not possible • Thin atmosphere reason for extreme difference in temperature Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  18. Learning Check CPS Questions (3-4) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  19. Activity 1: Crews in Space Work with your crew to create fact sheets about each planet studied in this lesson but don’t identify the planet Exchange fact sheets and see if you can identify the planet the other crew has featured Be prepared to share your answers Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  20. Activity 2: Comparing Earth to the Terrestrial Planets Using your text (pages 95-112), complete the table comparing Earth to the Terrestrial planets Then answer the reflection questions Be prepared to share your answers Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  21. Activity 3: Colonizing Mars Debate Debate Scenario: It is the year 2030. NASA scientists just have completed a decade long project on how to colonize Mars. A host of inventions, including special spacecraft and spacesuits, make it possible for the first time in history for humans to live on Mars. NASA’s plan is for a group of astronauts to live on Mars for one year before returning to Earth to share their experiences. You represent a committee in Congress charged with deciding whether or not to approve NASA’s plan. Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  22. Technology Enrichment: Researching Probe Missions In your groups, research your assigned probe mission Focus on searching for news sources or information from NASA on the Internet Then, write a summary of your findings and prepare a group presentation for the class Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  23. Review One side of Mercury is more massive than the other Venus is often called Earth’s sister planet The eccentricity of Mars’ orbit causes it to be much closer to the Sun during parts of its year than others Olympus Mons is the largest known mountain in the Solar System Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  24. Review Questions CPS Questions (5-6) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  25. Summary Mercury Venus Mars Chapter 3, Lesson 2

  26. Next… • Done – The Terrestrial Planets • Next – The Outer Planets Courtesy of Amy Simon (Cornell U.), Reta Beebe (NMSU), Heidi Hammel (Space Science Institute, MIT) Chapter 3, Lesson 2

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