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The Mosaic Covenant: From Egyptian Bondage to Sinai's Tabernacle

This survey examines the period from Jacob's entrance into Egypt around 1875 B.C. until the establishment of the tabernacle at Sinai in 1445 B.C. It highlights key themes of redemption, the power and compassion of Yahweh, and the foundation of the Mosaic Covenant. Major events, including the life and call of Moses, the ten plagues, the Exodus, and the giving of the Law, are explored. Additionally, it reflects on Israel's obligations and the significance of their covenant relationship with God, shaping their identity as a holy nation.

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The Mosaic Covenant: From Egyptian Bondage to Sinai's Tabernacle

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Presentation Transcript

  1. OT Survey I Exodus

  2. Date of Events • From Jacob’s entrance into Egypt (c. 1875 B.C.) until the building of the tabernacle at Sinai (1445 B.C.)

  3. Purpose Statement • Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has redeemed the sons of Israel from Egyptian bondage and entered into a covenant with the nation at Sinai.

  4. Major Themes • Redemption and Deliverance • Yahweh – “I AM” • Power of Yahweh (demonstrated through the plagues on Egypt) • Compassion of Yahweh in caring for Israel on the way to Sinai • Faithfulness of Yahweh in accomplishing His Word • Knowledge of Yahweh (9:13-16) • Fear of Yahweh (9:27-30; 14:30, 31) • Moses • Holiness • Moses and the burning bush • Israel’s obligation in the Mosaic Covenant • The layout of the tabernacle • Covenants • Abrahamic (2:24; 6:4, 5) • Mosaic • Tabernacle and its Furnishings

  5. Structure • From Egypt to Mount Sinai (Chaps. 1-18) • The growth and enslavement of Israel (1) • The Life and Call of Moses (2-6) • The Ten Plagues (7-12) • The Exodus and Journey to Sinai (13-18) • The Covenant at Mount Sinai (Chaps. 19-40) • The Giving of the Law (19-24) • Preparation for the Construction of the Tabernacle (25-31) • The Incident of the Golden Calf (32-34) • The Construction of the Tabernacle and its Furnishings (35-40)

  6. The Tabernacle and Priest in His Garments

  7. Deliverance At the Red Sea Bitter water made sweet Quail & Manna provided in desert Oasis at Elim Water provided from rock & victory over Amalekites Mount Sinai

  8. Form of the Mosaic Covenant

  9. Key Passages of the Mosaic Covenant: Exod 19-24 • Exod 19:1-4 provides the basis of the relationship between Yahweh and Israel. • Exod 19:5-6 provides the purpose and function of that relationship: “ ‘Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be My own possession among all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine; and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”

  10. Three Phrases in Exod 19:5-6 • “My own possession” referred to the fact that God had chosen Abraham’s descendants to be the recipient of blessings and a channel of blessing to the other nations. • “A kingdom of priests” identified Israel as the mediator of God’s revelation to the other nations. • “A holy nation” means that Israel was to be set apart for God’s service and separated from anything that would defile her.

  11. Form of the Mosaic Covenant

  12. Relationship of the Mosaic Covenants to the Other Covenants • The Mosaic Covenant was the constitution for the nation of Israel, governing the relationship between God and His elect nation. • It was the means by which the promises of the Abrahamic Covenant would be fulfilled. • The Deuteronomic Covenant is in essence a renewal of the Mosaic Covenant with the new generation of Israelites. • The king provided for in the Davidic Covenant was responsible to conduct his rule in accordance with the principles of the Mosaic Covenant. • And even the New Covenant states that the Law of God will be put within the descendants of Abraham and written upon their hearts (Jer 31:33).

  13. Later Commentary on the Mosaic Covenant in Scripture • After the book of Deuteronomy, in which the Mosaic Covenant is renewed with a new generation of Israelites, much of the remainder of the OT is largely a commentary on Israel’s lack of fidelity to the covenant God made with her at Sinai. • The historical books provide the record of this infidelity. • A number of the Psalms lament it. • The Prophets seek to call Israel to repent of it and return to her God. • In the NT, much of Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount is a clarification of the true meaning of the stipulations of the covenant (Matt 5:17-19), in contrast to the teaching of the Pharisees.

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