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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. PCs on a Network. Network Tech. at KPC. You Will Learn…. About different types of physical network architectures How networking works with Windows How to install a network card and a network protocol using Windows. You Will Learn… ( continued ).

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 PCs on a Network Network Tech. at KPC

  2. You Will Learn… • About different types of physical network architectures • How networking works with Windows • How to install a network card and a network protocol using Windows A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  3. You Will Learn… (continued) • About sharing resources on a network • Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections • How to connect networks to each other A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  4. Physical Network Architectures • Ethernet (most popular) • Wireless LAN • Token ring • FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  5. Network Architecture Terminology • Network adapter • Provides direct connection between PC and network; usually an expansion card (NIC) • Matches type and speed of physical network • Network port matches connectors on network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  6. Network Architecture Terminology (continued) • Network protocols • OS protocols (eg, NetBEUI, TCP/IP) • Hardware protocols (eg, Ethernet, Token Ring) • Data transmission • Packets, datagrams, or frames A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  7. Ethernet Variations, Distinguished by Speed A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  8. Ethernet Cable Types continued… A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  9. Ethernet Cable Types (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  10. Ethernet Topology • Bus topology • Connects each node in a line • Has no central connection point • Star topology • Connects all nodes to a centralized hub • More popular; easier to maintain • Patch cables and crossover cables A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  11. Bus and Star Topologies A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  12. Ethernet Hub Broadcasting a Data Packet A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  13. A Hub A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  14. Star Bus Topology A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  15. Repeaters • Amplify signals on a network • Help overcome limitations on length of cables that can be used; signals can travel farther • Two kinds • Amplifier repeater • Signal-regenerating repeater (used by Ethernet) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  16. Repeaters (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  17. Wireless LANs • Use radio waves or infrared light to connect computers or devices • Wireless NIC includes antenna to send and receive signals • Standards • 1999 IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi or AirPort) • Bluetooth • Slower than wired networks • Security is an issue A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  18. Wireless LANs (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  19. Token Ring • Physical star; logical ring • Data packet is preceded by a token • Transmits data at 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps • Uses a centralized device called a MAU (Multistation Access Unit) • Uses UTP or STP cables (two twisted pairs) • Uses RJ-45 or UDC connectors A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  20. FDDI • Uses tokens; structured as a ring, but does not require a centralized hub • Multiple nodes can have data on the ring at the same time • Provides data transfer at 100 Mbps • Used as: • Network technology for a large LAN • Backbone network to connect several LANs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  21. Now NICs Work • Plug into motherboard expansion slot • Provide port(s) on back of card for connection to network • Manage communication and hardware network protocol for the PC A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  22. b. Token ring a. FDDI c. Ethernet d. Wireless Network Cards A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  23. Network Cards • Send and receive data: • To and from system bus in parallel • To and from network in series • Use a transceiver for signal conversion • Identified by a MAC address • Require an IRQ and an I/O address range • May be PnP; legacy cards can use jumpers or DIP switches A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  24. Ethernet Combo Card A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  25. Considerations When Selecting a Network Card • Speed and type of network • Type of cable (shielded twisted-pair, coaxial, or fiber-optic) • Type of slot (PCI or ISA) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  26. Segmenting a Network • Communication on a local network uses MAC address of NIC to identify the destination computer; • Other computers discard the packet because it is not addressed to them • Bridges and switches • Reduce traffic on each segment and improve network performance • More intelligent than hubs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  27. How Bridges Work A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  28. Bridges and Switches A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  29. Bridges and Switches (continued) • Bridges • Send broadcast messages; not good for large networks • Effective at separating high-volume areas on a LAN • Best for connecting LANs that do not communicate outside their immediate network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  30. Bridges and Switches (continued) • Switches • Send a packet only to network segment for which it is destined • Both keep source and destination MAC addresses in routing tables and learn new addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  31. Bridges Compared with Switches A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  32. Windows on a Network • Workgroup model and domain model • Networking protocols supported at physical level • Ethernet • ATM • Token Ring • Protocols supported at OS level • TCP/IP • IPX/SPX • NetBEUI A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  33. Windows on a Network (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  34. OS Protocols • Automatically bind themselves to any NICs they find • More than one can be associated with a single NIC A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  35. Addressing on a Network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  36. MAC Addresses and IP Addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  37. IP Configuration A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  38. MAC Addresses and IP Addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  39. Classes of IP Addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  40. IP Addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  41. Different Ways of Assigning IP Addresses • Public, private, and reserved IP addresses • Dynamically assigned IP addresses • DHCP server • Network Address Translation (NAT) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  42. Reserved IP Addresses A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  43. Configuring a DHCP Server A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  44. Using NAT A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  45. How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN • Checks NetBIOS name cache • Queries WINS server, if it has its IP address • Sends broadcast message to all computers on LAN asking for IP address of computer with broadcasted NetBIOS name • Checks LMHosts file • If IP address still not discovered, computer assumes network is using DNS and checks Hosts file • Queries DNS server, if it has its IP address A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  46. Installing a Network Card and Connecting to a Network • Physically install the card and device drivers • Configure the NIC using Windows so it has appropriate addresses on the network and correct network protocols • Give the computer a name • Test the NIC to verify that PC can access resources on the network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  47. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  48. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  49. Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  50. Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP • Will PC use dynamic or static addressing? • If static addressing, what are IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway? • If you use DNS, what are the IP addresses of the DNS servers? • If a proxy server is used to connect to other networks, what is IP address of proxy server? A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

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