1 / 24

Nutritive Value of Feeds

Nutritive Value of Feeds. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University. Producers Need a Working Knowledge of the Nutrient Composition of Available Feeds. Nutrient Categories:. Water Carbohydrates Protein Lipids (fats & oils) Minerals Vitamins.

lewisedward
Télécharger la présentation

Nutritive Value of Feeds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nutritive Value of Feeds Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University

  2. Producers Need a Working Knowledge of the Nutrient Composition of Available Feeds.

  3. Nutrient Categories: • Water • Carbohydrates • Protein • Lipids (fats & oils) • Minerals • Vitamins

  4. Chemical Composition of Yearling Steers Carstens et al., 1991

  5. Determining Nutritive Value of Feeds • Chemical composition • Digestibility of each chemical component Must know:

  6. Determining Nutritive Value • Scientists and commercial laboratories have developed reliable methods to determine both chemical composition and digestibility from a sample • Methods to determine nutritive value • Rely on “book” or tabular values • Have an individual sample analyzed by a commercial laboratory

  7. Value of Feed Composition Tables • Provide basic guidelines of nutrient composition for ration formulation. • Limited by use of “average” values. • Feedstuffs generally vary widely in nutrient composition.

  8. Variation in Protein Concentration of Coastal Bermudagrass Hay A nutrient analysis takes the guess work out!

  9. Table 12.1

  10. Feed Water Ash Carbohydrate Protein Fat Proximate Analysis

  11. Dry Matter • That portion of the feed that is not water • Incorporates all the essential nutrients except water • No specific “requirement” for dry matter • Dry matter intake controlled by many factors

  12. Feed Water Ash Carbohydrate Protein Fat NDS NDF Fiber Starches, sugars etc., Near 100% digestible Fiber, extremely variable in digestibility

  13. NDS NDF Fiber: The Detergent Fiber System Carbohydrate Hemicellulose ADF Lignin Cellulose

  14. Effective Fiber: What is It?

  15. Fiber Digestibility Effects • Effective neutral detergent fiber (eNDF) stimulates chewing, salivation, rumen motility, and therefore gut health. • Highly related to rumen pH

  16. Effective NDFand Rumen pH R2= .52 pH eNDF, % of DM Pitt et al., 1996

  17. Application of eNDF • If pH less than 6.2, fiber digestion declines Pitt et al., 1996 • Forage digestibility near 0 with low pH (cellulolytic bacteria) • Corresponds to 20% eNDF in diet dry matter

  18. eNDF in Common Feeds Sniffen, Preston and NRC, 1996

  19. Protein • Crude protein (CP) is the amount of nitrogen times 6.25. • Degradable intake protein (DIP) is expressed as a percentage of CP. • Undegradable intake protein (UIP) or bypass protein is calculated by subtracting the DIP value from 1.0

  20. Energy • Table values expressed both as total digestible nutrients, and net energy for maintenance and gain • TDN is the most common value used in cow/calf and stocker applications because it is easy to use and understand. • The NE system is more accurate in estimating energy value of roughages and is more accurate when predicting animal performance.

  21. Either Extract • Fats or lipids • Contributes to energy value of feed • To calculate energy value of EE component: Digestible EE x 2.25

  22. Minerals • Macro minerals needed in large quantities and expressed in percent of dry matter (Na,Cl, Ca,P,K,S,Mg). • Micro minerals needed in smaller quantities and expressed in terms of parts per million (Cu,Mn,Zn,Se,Co,I,Fe).

  23. Summary • Cattle’s nutrient needs can be divided into 6 chemical components • Tabular values provide guidelines to determine nutrient composition of feedstuffs for ration formulation • Commercial laboratories can provide accurate estimates of a producers own feed resources • In particular, producers are encouraged to test their own forages and feed commodities

  24. Questions?

More Related