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Computer Science 129. Science, Computing and Society. INTRODUCTION. SYLLABUS – Website – KDEVLIN.COM COURSE DESCRIPTION GRADING POLICY & GRADE SCALE LECTURE TOPICS IN-CLASS DISCUSSIONS. INTERESTING STORY IN THE NEWS. EACH WEEK WE WILL READ ABOUT A SCIENTIFIC TOPIC IN THE NEWS.
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Computer Science 129 Science, Computing and Society Chapter 0
INTRODUCTION • SYLLABUS – Website – • KDEVLIN.COM • COURSE DESCRIPTION • GRADING POLICY & GRADE SCALE • LECTURE TOPICS • IN-CLASS DISCUSSIONS Chapter 0
INTERESTING STORY IN THE NEWS • EACH WEEK WE WILL READ ABOUT A SCIENTIFIC TOPIC IN THE NEWS Chapter 0
GRE/GMAT WORDS • Corroborate – to confirm • Ephemeral – lasting a short time • Laconic – using few words • Mitigate – to make less severe Chapter 0
The Scientific Method Wikipedia Definition: Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on gathering observable, empirical, measurable evidence, subject to the principles of reasoning Chapter 0
Steps in the Scientific Method • Define the question • Gather information and resources • Form hypothesis • Perform experiment and collect data • Analyze data • Interpret data and draw conclusions that serve as a starting point for new hypotheses • Publish results Steps 3 – 6 are iterative (repeating) Chapter 0
Scientific Method • What are we hoping to get from using the Scientific Method? INFORMATION! Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • WHAT IS INFORMATION? • WHAT IS A BIT? • BINARY DIGIT • LIKE BASE TEN HAS 0-9, BINARY DIGITS USE 2 NUMBERS, 0 AND 1 • BIT = INFORMATION Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • ANY CHOICE FROM TWO EQUALLY LIKELY POSSIBILITIES IS A BIT • LIGHT SWITCH • HANDS ON A CLOCK TURNING CLOCKWISE OR COUNTERCLOCKWISE • COIN TOSS • COMPUTERS TRANSLATE THESE INTO 0 OR 1, OR A BIT Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION INFORMATION IS THE SUBSTANCE FROM WHICH ALL THINGS ARE MADE • QUANTUM PHYSICS HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION AND EXISTENCE Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • QUANTUM MECHANICS DEPARTS FROM CLASSICAL PHYSICS Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • Classical physics is physics based on principles developed before the rise of quantum theory. (In contrast, modern physics refers to the physicist's world view wrought by the revolutionary quantum theory.) • A physical system on the classical level is a physical system in which the laws of classical physics are valid. Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • Among the branches of theory included in classical physics are: • Classical mechanics • Newton's laws of motion • Object at rest remains at rest unless force applied • Change of momentum is equal to the force applied • For every action there is an equal and opposite action • Classical electrodynamics (Maxwell's Equations) • Classical thermodynamics • 1st Conservation of energy • 2nd Entropy (chaos) • Special theory of relativity and General theory of relativity (gravity) Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • QUANTUM PHYSICS • ATOMS DO NOT OBEY NEWTONS LAWS • MORE LIKE ALICE IN WONDERLAND • ELECTRONS – IN LARGE SCHEME THEY HAVE A DEFINED LOCATION • ELECTRON IN SUBATOMIC WORLD THEY ARE NOT IN ANYPLACE AT ONCE BUT SMEARED Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • ELECTRONS CAN JUMP THROUGH OBJECTS (BASEBALL AT WALL BOUNCES – ELECTRON COULD BOUNCE OR SHOW UP ON OTHER SIDE – CALLED TUNNELING – USED IN TRANSISTORS AND ALL ELECTRONICS) Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • ELECTRONS BEHAVE SOMETIMES LIKE PARTICLES, SOMETIMES LIKE WAVES • LIGHT THOUGHT TO TRAVEL IN WAVES, SOMETIMES SEEMS TO BE A STREAM OF PARTICLES Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION TO ILLUSTRATE THIS STRANGE BEHAVIOR WE WILL LOOK AT THE DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfPeprQ7oGc Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • MARBLES THROUGH A SINGLE SLIT = SINGLE LINE • MARBLES THROUGH A DOUBLE SLIT = DOUBLE LINE Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • WAVE THROUGH SINGLE SLIT = MORE INTENSITY IN A SINGLE LINE • WAVE THROUGH DOUBLE SLIT = INTERFERENCE PATTERN OF MANY BANDS Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • ELECTRONS THROUGH A SINGLE SLIT = SINGLE LINE • ELECTRONS THROUGH A DOUBLE SLIT WITH NO OBSERVER= INTERFERENCE PATTERN • ELECTRONS THROUGH A DOUBLE SLIT WITH AN OBSERVER = DOUBLE LINES Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION HELPFUL INFORMATION: SIMPLE CALCULATIONS A good way to estimate statistical fluctuations is to take the square root of the number of events in question Toss a coin 50 times Chapter 0
CHAPTER 0 - INTRODUCTION • We expect around 25 heads and 25 tails. • Square root of 25 = 5 (this is the fluctuation) • Therefore we should have 25 heads + or – 5 (so between 20 to 30 out of 50 tosses should be heads, same goes for tails) Chapter 0
