Understanding Granzyme B: Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction in Target Cells

Dec 31, 2025

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Granzyme B, secreted by cytotoxic T cells, is a key player in apoptosis, triggering cell death in target cells through various mechanisms. It forms transmembrane pores and activates effector caspases, particularly caspase-3, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, Granzyme B may also employ caspase-independent pathways. One notable mechanism involves the activation of caspase-activated DNase (CAD) by caspase-3, which cleaves its inhibitor ICAD. This activation results in chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, culminating in apoptosis.

1 granzyme b 2 apoptosis mechanisms 3 cytotoxic t cells 4 caspase3 5 dna fragmentation 6 effector caspases 7 caspaseactivated dnase 8 chromatin condensation text

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Understanding Granzyme B: Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction in Target Cells

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Granzyme B SIGMA-ALDRICH
Granzyme B Granzyme B and perforin, proteins released by an effector cell (cytotoxic T cell), can induce apoptosis in target cells by forming transmembrane pores and through cleavage of effector caspases such as caspase-3. In addition, caspase-independent mechanisms of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis have been suggested. Caspase-activated DNAse (CAD) is activated through the cleavage of its associated inhibitor ICAD by caspase-3. CAD is then able to interact with components such as topoisomerase II (Topo II) to condense chromatin, leading to DNA fragmentation and ultimately apoptosis.