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Diabetes

Diabetes. “ blood sugar problem”. Definitions. Diabetes. disease in which there is inadequate insulin produced by the body. Glucose. source of energy required by all cells for normal functioning. Insulin. hormone secreted by pancreas - it allows cells to use glucose. Hypoglycemia.

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes “blood sugar problem”

  2. Definitions

  3. Diabetes • disease in which there is inadequate insulin produced by the body.

  4. Glucose • source of energy required by all cells for normal functioning.

  5. Insulin • hormone secreted by pancreas - it allows cells to use glucose.

  6. Hypoglycemia • low glucose level • NORMAL RANGE 80-120

  7. Hyperglycemia • high glucose level • NORMAL 80-120

  8. Ways of controlling diabetes • Diet alone • Oral medications • Insulin

  9. Type 1 vs. Type 2 • Type 1 diabetes - juvenile onset • Type 2 diabetes - adult onset

  10. Type I Diabetes • Insulin-dependent diabetes • Patient does not produce any insulin • Insulin injected daily • Onset usually in childhood

  11. Type II Diabetes • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes • Patient produces inadequate amounts of insulin • Disease may be controlled by diet or oral hypoglycemics

  12. Hyperglycemia • Lack of insulin causes glucose to build-up in blood • Kidneys excrete glucose • This requires a large amount of water • Polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia • Without glucose, body uses fat for fuel • Ketones are byproduct of fat metabolism • diabetic ketoacidosis

  13. Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis • Vomiting • Abdominal pain • Kussmaul respirations • Unconsciousness

  14. Diabetic Coma (Hyperglycemia)

  15. Signs of Diabetic Coma • Slow onset of ALOC • Dehydration • Kussmaul respirations • “Fruity” breath odor

  16. Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)

  17. Rapid onset ALOC Pale, cool, diaphoretic Dizziness, headache Rapid pulse Fainting, seizure, or coma Signs of Insulin Shock

  18. Diabetes and Alcohol Abuse • Patients may appear intoxicated • Suspect hypoglycemia with any altered mental status • Be alert to the similarity in symptoms

  19. Questions for the Diabetic • take insulin or hypoglycemics? • taken your usual dose today? • eaten normally today? • any illness, unusual activity, or stress today?

  20. Treatment • Treat any ALOC diabetic the same • high flow O2 via mask • supine or left lateral position • administer oral glucose (next slide) • rapid transport - do not delay for administration of oral glucose

  21. Administering Oral Glucose • Should be given to a diabetic with decreased LOC • DO NOT give glucose to a patient with the inability to swallow or unconscious* • Liquid or Paste can make own liquid (OJ + sugar) • Use liquid only if they are able to hold and drink on their own • Paste - see skill instructions

  22. Complications of Diabetes • Peripheral vascular disease • Heart disease • Visual disturbances • Renal failure • Stroke • Ulcers • Seizures

  23. Common Medications • Insulin - injections • Diabeta • Orinase • Diabinese • Glucagon • plus ...

  24. the end Break!!

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