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Chemical Names and Formulas

Chemical Names and Formulas. Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas. Metals and Nonmetals. Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals

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Chemical Names and Formulas

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  1. Chemical Names and Formulas Overview •Metals and Non-Metals •Ions and Ionic Charges •Types of Compounds •Systematic Names -Writing Names and Formulas

  2. Metals and Nonmetals • Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table • C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals • B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi- metals • All others are metals

  3. Cations Positively Charged Atoms i.e. Na+ Anions Negatively Charged Atoms i.e. Cl- Ions

  4. Group I -> Group II -> Group III -> Group IV -> 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ IONIC CHARGES

  5. Group V -> Group VI -> Group VII -> Group VIII -> 3- 2- 1- Noble Gases IONIC CHARGES

  6. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Ionic Compounds • composed of positive and negative ions. • usually formed from a metal and non-metal. • these elements arenot attached to one another.

  7. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Ionic Compounds con’t • Examples NaCl CaBr2 KI

  8. CHEMICAL FORMULAS • Definition • shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance. • i. e. NaCl

  9. IONIC COMPOUNDS • A formula unit is the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. • i.e. Na2Cl2-> NaCl • There is no such thing as a molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!

  10. IONIC COMPOUNDS • If charges cancel, just write the symbols Na+1 Cl-1NaCl • If charges do not cancel, criss-cross: Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2 ***Do not move the charge, only the number ***Do not write the 1

  11. NAMING COMPOUNDS • Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.

  12. BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Binary means 2 elements • Ionic means a metal and a non-metal (or cation and anion) • Writing Formulas • charges must balance so compound charge is neutral.

  13. BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Writing Formulas from Names • 1st word = CATION • 2nd word = ANION name with ide ending.

  14. NaBr MgF2 Sodium Bromide Magnesium Fluoride BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

  15. Potassium Chloride Aluminum Oxide • notice ending of name is ide! K+Cl- -> KCl Al23+O32- -> Al2O3 BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

  16. Polyatomic Ions • Definition •tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. • Example SO32-, NO2-, ClO2-

  17. TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ternary means 3 different elements • Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions • Ionic means cation and anion

  18. Ca2+CO32- CaCO3 Charges canceled. Just write the symbols Calcium Carbonate TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing Formulas

  19. Calcium Nitrate Notice the charges didn’t cancel so they criss crossed Ca+2 (NO3)-1 Ca(NO3)2 TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: Naming

  20. Naming with Transition Metals • First word = CATION • Second word = ANION • The Roman numeral will tell you the charge of the transition metal • Silver (Ag) is an exception. It’s charge is +1

  21. Copper (I) Oxide Cu+1 O-2 Cu2O Naming Transition Metals

  22. FeCl3 Fe+3 Cl-1 FeCl2 Fe+2 Cl-1 Iron (III) Chloride Iron (II) Chloride Writing Formulas with Transition Metals *Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral

  23. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Molecular Compounds • composed of molecules in which elements shareelectrons. • usually composed of 2 nonmetals. • these elements are attached

  24. MOLECULAR FORMULA • Definition • shows the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound. • i. e. CO

  25. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS • Molecular Compounds con’t •Examples CS2 SiO2 BF3

  26. BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • Binary means 2 elements • Molecular means 2 non-metals • NO ionic charges are present

  27. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each molecule.

  28. Covalent Prefixes • Mono (or no prefix) – 1 • Di – 2 • Tri – 3 • Tetra – 4 • Penta – 5 • Hexa – 6 • Hepta – 7 • Octa – 8 • Nona – 9 • Deca – 10

  29. CO2 •no mono prefix is used on first element Carbon Dioxide • Di means 2 oxygens!! Writing Binary Molecular Compounds

  30. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • 2 ways it’s done! • (prefix + element name) i.e. N2O dinitrogen monoxide

  31. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • (prefix + element root + ide) i.e. PCl3 Phosphorous Trichloride • All binary compounds end in ide!!!

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