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CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS

CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS. Chemistry I SBC Bill Palmer. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS. There are millions and millions of chemical compounds Many have common names Salt (sodium chloride) Limestone (calcium carbonate) Water (dihydrogen monoxide)

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CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS

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  1. CHEMICAL NAMES andFORMULAS Chemistry I SBC Bill Palmer

  2. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • There are millions and millions of chemical compounds • Many have common names • Salt (sodium chloride) • Limestone (calcium carbonate) • Water (dihydrogen monoxide) • Chemist must use a systematic method for naming compounds

  3. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • A CHEMICAL FORMULA tells two things • Elements in a compound • Number of atoms in the compound • This is a compound known as Octane C8H18 There are 18 hydrogen atoms in one molecule of octane There are 8 carbon atoms in one molecule of octane

  4. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS Aluminum Sulfate Al2(SO4)3 The 3 that there are 3 of the sulfates 2 aluminum atoms This is called a sulfate= one sulfur atom and four

  5. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS Aluminum Sulfate Al2(SO4)3 How many TOTAL Aluminum atoms? How many TOTAL Sulfur atoms? How M\many total Oxygen atoms?

  6. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Atoms have VALENCE NUMBERSbased on their ability to gain or loose electrons • An ION is an atom that has gained or lost electrons

  7. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • There are TWO types of ions • CATIONS are positive charged ions • They have lost electrons • ANIONS are negatively charged ions • They have acquired electrons

  8. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • GROUP ONE metals lose electron and have a valence number of +1 • Li+ Na+ • GROUP TWO metals lose electron and have a valence number of +2 • Be+2 Mg+2 • GROUP THREE metals lose electron and have a valence number of +3 • Al+3

  9. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • So now, on your BFF, write +1, +2, +3 above the correct group

  10. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS Aluminum Sulfate Al2(SO4)3 How many TOTAL Aluminum atoms? 2 How many TOTAL Sulfur atoms? 3 How M\many total Oxygen atoms? 12

  11. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • GROUP FIFTEEN nonmetals gain electrons and have a valence number of -3 • N3- P3- • GROUP SIXTEEN nonmetals lose electron and have a valence number of -2 • O2- S2- • GROUP SEVENTEEN nonmetals lose electron and have a valence number of -1 • F- Cl-

  12. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • So now, on your BFF, write -1, -2, -3 above the correct group

  13. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Some elements in the form 2+, 3+ or even 1+ or 4+ ions • Some can form two ions • Copper can be 1+ or 2+ • Iron can form 2+ or 3+ • Vanadium forms 2+, 3+, and 4+ • Look at Table 1 page 221

  14. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • MONOATOMIC IONS are formed from as single element

  15. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • NAMING MONOATOMIC IONS • Cations-just use elements name • K+ Potassium • Mg2+ Magnesium • Anions-Change the elements name to -ide Fluorine becomes Fluoride Nitrogen becomes Nitride

  16. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • BINARY COMPOUNDS are composed of two elements • For a compound to exist the valence numbers must = 0 • Mg 2+, Br-, Br- makes a compound MgBr2 One magnesium atom combines with two Bromine atoms WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS COMPOUND?

  17. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS COMPOUND? • Magnesium bromide

  18. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • How can Al 3+ combine with O2- to form a compound? • Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide

  19. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Sample problem on page 223 • Do Practice Problems 1 and 2 on 223

  20. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Stock System of Nomenclature uses standard rules for naming compounds • Some elements have two or more ions. • Fe 2+ (iron II) • Fe 3+ (iron III) • Metals that form only one cation do not include a roman numeral CuCl2 copper (II) chloride

  21. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS Example: CuCl2 copper (II) chloride Name of cation Roman numeral indicating charge Name of anion

  22. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Compounds with POLYATOMIC ions • Contain several atoms that act as a unit • Oxyanions-contain oxygen • Some elements have more than one polyatomic ions • NO2- nitrite • NO3- nitrate

  23. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Compounds with POLYATOMIC ions • Sometimes polyatomic ions can have types of oxyanions • ClO- Hypochlorite • ClO2- Chlorite • ClO3- Chlorate • ClO4- Perchlorate • Chart on page 226

  24. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Practice Problems 1-2, page 227

  25. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Naming BINARY MOLECULAR compounds • Chart of numerical prefixes NUMBER NAME

  26. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • What is: P4O10 tetraphosphorous decoxide

  27. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Practice problems 1-2, page 229

  28. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Problems 1,2 page 227

  29. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS FORMULA NAME • Nitrogen and Oxygen can make several compounds

  30. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Practice problems 1-2, page 229

  31. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • COVALENT COMPOUNDS are formed when compounds are formed by elements sharing electrons • IONIC COMPOUNDS are formed when compounds are formed by elements transferring electrons.

  32. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Covalent Compounds • SiC Silicon Carbide • SiO2 Silicon dioxide • Si3N4 Trisilicon tetranitride

  33. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • ACIDS and SALTS • Binary Acid = 2 elements=Hydrogen plus a halogen • Oxyacids = Hydrogen, oxygen, third element

  34. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS Some binary Acids and oxyacids

  35. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Problems 1-4, page 231

  36. CHEMICAL NAMES and FORMULAS • Two systems for naming compounds • Stock system is more modern

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