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E M O T I O N

E M O T I O N. M O D U L E 1 2. Whole-organism responses, involving: Physiological arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experience Ex of extreme emotion? Use this example to understand 3 ingredients of shifts in emotion.

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E M O T I O N

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  1. EMOTION M O D UL E 1 2

  2. Whole-organism responses, involving: Physiological arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experience Ex of extreme emotion? Use this example to understand 3 ingredients of shifts in emotion. You and your friend check the call back list. You find your name and are happy. You see they are not on there and immediately become sad. Physiological activation: Increased heart rate w/ good news Decreased heart rate as you console friend. Expressive behaviors: Smiling and pumping your first Losing smile putting arm around pal Conscious experience: Interpreting what it means to make the team Interpreting what it means for your friend to be left out. EmotionsShifts in Emotion

  3. Debates in Emotion Research • Which comes first, physiological arousal or the subjective experience of an emotion? • I don’t sing b/c I’m happy, I am happy b/c I sing… or is it the other way around??? • Can we react emotionally before appraising a situation, or does thinking always precede emotion?

  4. Theories of Emotion: Historical ApproachesWhat were the two main historical theories of emotion, and how do modern cognitive theories of emotion differ from these older theories? Module 12: Emotion

  5. Common Sense Theory • Ask someone why they are happy/sad/mad and get a response. • Emotion-arousing stimulus leads to a conscious feeling (fear, anger) and a physiological response. • Ex: Seeing an angry dog triggers feelings of fear and physical responses such as trembling. • Emotion before physiology

  6. James-Lange TheoryWilliam James and Carl Lange • Challenged common sense theory. • An emotion-arousing stimulus in the environment triggers a physiological reaction. • Our awareness of the physiological reaction leads to our experience of an emotion. • Physiology before emotion.

  7. Cannon-Bard TheoryWalter Cannon and Phillip Bard • Disagreed with James-Lange: • Peeling an onion causes tears but not sadness. • An emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both a physiological response and the experience of an emotion. • Simultaneous physiological & emotional response.

  8. Theories of Emotion: Cognition & EmotionWhich comes first our thoughts (cognition) about the situation or our experience of emotion? Module 12: Emotion

  9. One’s thoughts about a situation How a person interprets a situation in the environment Emotions involve two factors: A physiological arousal A cognitive label of the arousal Also called the Schachter-Singer Theory Cognitive AppraisalTwo-Factor Theory

  10. Copy this one for your notes!!!!!

  11. Robert Zajonc (1923- ) • Doesn’t agree with two-factor theory • Suggested that not all emotions involve deliberate thinking • Therefore, cognition is not necessary for all emotions • Some emotions skip the thinking part of the brain • Amygdala: emotional center for brain. • Ex: snake! 1st run, then think.

  12. Richard Lazarus (1922- ) • Believed some emotions do not require conscious thought. • However, there must be a minimum of unconscious thought involved in emotions. • Ex: hear snake, freak out, jump…. Then think about what to do.

  13. Paths to Emotional Responses

  14. Paths to Emotional Responses

  15. Paths to Emotional Responses:Copy please!Zajonc, Shcachter, and Lazarus all agree that our appraisal and labeling of events determines our emotional responses.

  16. Fear: A Closer LookWhat physiological change occurs when you are frightened?Fight or flight? Module 12: Emotion

  17. Autonomic Nervous System • Coordinates our response to dangerous situations. • The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs • Monitors the autonomic functions • Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive processes • Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

  18. Divisions of the Nervous System

  19. The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats Fight or flight response The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body Brings the body back down to a relaxed state SympatheticParasympatheticNervous SystemNervous System

  20. Fight or Flight

  21. Divisions of the Nervous System

  22. Autonomic Nervous System

  23. Autonomic Nervous System

  24. The Expression of Emotion: Nonverbal CommunicationHow do we communicate our emotions to others? Module 12: Emotion

  25. Nonverbal Communication • Communicating feelings without words: • Facial expressions • Tone of voice • Hand gestures • Also called “body language”

  26. The Expression of Emotion: Gender and Cultural Effects on EmotionHow do gender and culture affect our ability to express our won emotions and read the emotions of others? Module 12: Emotion

  27. Gender Effects: • Women are better at reading nonverbal communication of emotions. • Women tend to express emotions more than men do. • Display Rules: • The cultural rules governing how and when a person may express emotion • Rules greatly vary from culture to culture…examples? • Facial Expressions: • Paul Ekman studied facial expressions in an attempt to determine if they are inborn or culturally based.

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