AIM: Provide and overview of Japanese Development

1. AIM: Provide and overview of Japanese Development Do Now: Set up notes: 1/3 2/3. title: Japan: Feudalism to Imperialism Thematic Essay assignment due on Wednesday Notes on Human Rights are due on Friday

3. Japan Key terms of Chapter: Shinto Selective Borrowing Zen Buddhism Shogun Daimyo Samurai Bushido Shogunate Meiji Restoration

4. Japan Geography: 4/5 of islands are mountainous Japan lies on an archipelago or a chain of islands. Four main islands Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku Kyushu 3,000 smaller islands

5. Japan Impact of Geography: Surrounding seas protects and isolates Japan from outsiders No flat land, No farming. Therefore Japanese were skilled fishermen People settle in river valleys & coast Japan was and still is very Homogenous (no cultural mixture) as a result of its geography Thus everything is alike What civilization did we study that was isolated due to Mountains? ...

6. Japan Impact of Geography: Japan is close enough to the Chinese mainland to adopt culture, but too far away to be conquered (China was a huge power!) They are a Seafaring people (on the water). As a result you have a lot of trade with other places as we�ll see.

7. Japan Early Religion: Traditional Japanese religion was called Shinto meaning �Way of the Gods� At one point it was the States religion Beliefs: Worship of the Kami, or spirits found in living and non living things (sounds familiar) Kami was thought to control nature Attain Kami through prayer & offerings Shinto Shrines still scatter Japan today.

8. Gate to Shinto Shrine in Japan

9. Japan Korean Influence: Korean Peninsula and Japan close in proximity. Peninsula called Korean Land Bridge Korea will be a conduit for ideas & culture to filter through to Japan Between 300-600 AD Korea and Japan exchanged many ideas through� 1. Trade 2. War

10. Korean Peninsula

11. Korean Influence: Korean & Japanese warriors cross Korean Strait to attack each other Key: Buddhism was originally from China, then spread to Korea and finally to Japan where it flourished 500 AD Buddhist missionaries from Korea go to Japan This sparks interest in Chinese culture Japan

12. Japan China�s Influence: 600 AD, Japanese Prince Shotoku sends nobles directly to China to study Next 200 years Japanese will travel to China to adopt ideas and culture. Language & fashion: Japanese nobles spoke and dressed like Chinese Music, Dance, and garden designs Ideas on Government: strengthened central government, set up bureaucracy, and adopted similar law code

13. Japan Post 800�s AD: Japanese adopted as much as they could. Essentially, they became sick of Chinese culture to the point where there was a rejection of certain ideas. Japanese selected what the liked and discarded what they did not like. This is called Selective Borrowing

14. Japan Beginning of Feudalism: 1200- late 1800�s Heian period declined, resulting in loss of power by Emperor (became a figure head with little �real� power) Soon military clans began struggling for power in the countryside Similar to Europe, a need for stability resulted in the formation of feudal societies

15. Japan Feudal Japan: Emperor becomes powerless Power now lays in hands of Shogun or supreme military commander The period of control of any Shogun is called the �Shogunate.� You will always see this on the Regents As we�ll see, Shogun and monarch in Medieval Europe are relatively the same in position

16. Japan Feudal Japan: Shogun controlled vast amounts of land. He distributed it to the Daimyo or warrior lords (almost like a vassal lord) In exchange Daimyo gave his military services to the Shogun in times of need Daimyo gave lands to Samurai or lesser warriors (Samurai also called Bushi meaning warrior)

17. Japan Feudal Japan: Early samurai used bow and arrow and sword, but by the 13th century Samurai had switched exclusively to sword Samurai followed code of conduct called Bushido or �Way of the Warrior� Emphasized bravery, honor, and absolute loyalty to one�s lord or Daimyo.

18. Japan Feudal Japan: Samurai that broke the Bushido code were expected to commit Seppuka, or ritual suicide rather than live without honor. Underneath Samurai in hierarchy were Artisans & Peasants. Peasants farmed land, Artisans made Samurai�s weapons Both were granted protection by samurai

19. Japan Feudal Japan: Lastly, merchants. They were the last social order in feudal Japan. Merchants possessed more wealth than peasants and artisans, but were looked down upon for their �greedy tendencies�. Over time merchants gain influence and more wealth Women were on the bottom - had very little power or influence

20. Japan Feudal Hierarchy: 1.Shogun 2. Daimyo 3. Samurai 4. Peasants & Artisans 5. Merchants 6. Women

21. Japan Tokugawa Shogunate: In power from 1600-1868 Key accomplishments: Ended Feudal warfare Centralized feudal government: Required daimyo to live in Shogun�s capital in Edo (Tokyo) Strict, rigid law code had to be followed

22. Japan Tokugawa Shogunate: Peace in countryside brought economic prosperity: Roads are built, thus trade expands within Japan Agricultural technology improves, increase in output of crops Food surpluses led to population increases Towns sprang up, cities grow Demand for goods makes Merchants rich But, their social class remains the same.

23. Japan The real key to the Tokugawa was Japan�s virtual isolation from any influence from the West. Remember at this time that China and Indo-China were being colonized by the British and the French. Hence, there is great resistance to any cultural or political changes. This will cease as we move into the next phase of Japanese development

24. Japan Feudal Europe & Japan: Similarities: evolved in response for stability Kings & emperors were too weak to prevent invasion or internal war Well defined place in society (hierarchy) Power & wealth concentrated in land owning elite (Daimyo & Lords). Peasants worked land, relatively poor Differences: Chivalry raise status of women, Bushido lowers it Roman Cath. Church has more political power than Zen Buddhist monks in Japan

25. Japan Western Imperialism 1853 � US with Commodore Perry invade Japan, and seek trading privileges. The Shogun are forced to sign because they are literally out gunned by the US The Shogunate is overthrown, and those who cooperate with the US will be the Meiji

26. Japan This is to be known as the Meiji Restoration Japan will have a western Style Constitution, and because of their lack of resources, the will begin an Imperial campaign in the far east to seek the raw materials necessary to become an industrial and military power

27. Japan As Japan becomes more imperial and more industrialized, they will, by the 1930�s begin aggressively attacking China, Korea and Vietnam in order to expand their empire and attain cheap labor and Raw Materials Their government will be very similar to the Fascists in Germany.

28. Japan