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Yard Waste Composting

Yard Waste Composting. Objectives. Describe the most commonly used composting processes. Explain basic concepts associated with aerobic and anaerobic degradation. Explain the environmental factors affecting degradation processes.

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Yard Waste Composting

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  1. Yard Waste Composting

  2. Objectives • Describe the most commonly used composting processes. • Explain basic concepts associated with aerobic and anaerobic degradation. • Explain the environmental factors affecting degradation processes. • Explain the operational techniques used to control composting processes.

  3. Definition Biological decomposition of organic constituents of wastes under controlled conditions (approximately 70% of MSW is decomposable).

  4. Composting Types • Open • Conventional Windrow • Forced Aeration • Static Solids Bed • Forced Aeration • Natural Ventilation • Tower in vessel • Moving Agitated Bed  • Moving Packed Bed (Continuous, Intermittent, batch feed) • Horizontal in vessel • Tumbling Solids Bed • Dispersed Flow • Cells in Series • Completely Mixed

  5. Compost Rate Controlling Factors • Moisture Content • Carbon:Nitrogen • Temperature • Particle Size • Pile Geometry • Turning frequency

  6. Chronological Temperature – Windrows

  7. Compost Aeration Heat Rises Air (Oxygen) Air (Oxygen)

  8. Effect of Moisture Content on Temperature - Windrows

  9. pH of Windrows

  10. Compost Turner

  11. TECHNOLOGY DIMENSIONS TURNING FREQUENCY Minimal 12 feet high Once per year Low 6 feet high 3-5 times per year Intermediate 5-7 feet high 10-14 feet wide Once per week (windrow turning machine) High 10 feet high 20 feet wide Forced aeration for the first 2-10 weeks then periodic turnings Windrow Size and Turning Frequency for Leaf Compostinga

  12. MATERIAL C/N RATIO Activated Sludge 6:1 Grass Clippings 12-15:1 Mixed Grasses 19:1 Sawdust 200-500:1 Carbon to Nitrogen Ratios for Various Wastes

  13. Compost Maturity • Appearance and Odor • Length of composting period • Reheating temperature • Reduction of Organic Matter • C:N Ratio < 20 • Oxygen Uptake Rate • Germination potential

  14. Chronological % VS – Windrows

  15. Bag Opener

  16. Tub Grinder

  17. Compost Windrow

  18. Compost Turner

  19. Compost Monitoring • Oxygen Content • Temperature

  20. Compost Screening

  21. Finished Compost

  22. Sumter County Compost Facility

  23. Return to Home Page Last updated August 2007 by Dr. Reinhart

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