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World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe

World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe. France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in 1870-1, France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!. France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1870-1. The French never forgave the Germans.

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World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe

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  1. World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe

  2. France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in 1870-1, France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!

  3. France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1870-1. The French never forgave the Germans. They wanted REVENGE.

  4. Germany in the Middle That made it VULNERABLE if it came to a war.

  5. Causes of the Great War • Europe @ its peak by 1914 - Industrial Revolution • 4 conditions lead to the Great War - M.A.I.N. • Militarism • Alliance System • Imperialism • Nationalism

  6. Imperialism • Competition among nations for colonies, resources, markets, etc. • GB and France successful while Germ and Austria-Hungary not!

  7. Imperialism and the Balance of Power

  8. Militarism • Pride in fighting for country, glory, heroism • Increased build-up of military spending & military forces • Germany: naval forces to rival England • Increase size of most Euro armies

  9. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  10. Nationalism • Desire of a people to rule themselves • Americans vs British (1776) • Bosnian Slavs vs AH (1914)

  11. Alliance System Triple Alliance 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire Triple Entente 1907 France, Russia, Great Britain Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this will bring in all of their allies= WORLD CONFLICT!

  12. Stage is Set • Nationalism in Bosnia and Serbia • Competition for Bosnia • Russia and A-H compete for control of Balkan Peninsula • 1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; • Serbia wants independence for Bosnia! • Serbian Nationalists scheme to assassinate Archduke of Austria-Hungary (heir to the thrown)

  13. War Breaks Out • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, • June 1914 • Serbian Nationalist Group called the Black Hand • July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” • pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against Russia Gavrilo Princip ADFF

  14. Who’s To Blame?

  15. Timeline • AH and Germany vs Serbia • Russia defends Slavic country of Serbia • France supports ally Russia • Germany invades Belgium (“Belgium is a country, not a road”) • Belgium gains British support • WORLD WAR I Begins – July 28, 1914

  16. Alliances Grow • Triple Entente  “Allied Powers” • France, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium • Triple Alliance  “Central Powers” • Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Where is the US in all of this?

  17. What plan do you think Germany had to end the war?

  18. “Race to the Sea” • Paris then Moscow • von Schlieffen Plan • Belgium. . . Britain • 1st Battle of the Marne

  19. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism!

  20. A Young Australian Recruit

  21. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

  22. New French Recruits

  23. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

  24. Modern Warfare • Stalemate- situation where neither side is able to gain the advantage • Both sides thought quick war

  25. Dug themselves into the ground Horrible conditions Dead bodies Rats Lice Trench Fever Caused the war to drag on Trench Warfare

  26. US Response • Neutral • Personal involvement • Why would a third of the population feel personally involved? • ¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB • US opposed Kaiser Wilhelm • Autocrat: Ruler with unlimited power

  27. US Response • Why would the US stay neutral? • Trade • US investment: 3.5 billion • German ships disrupting trade

  28. Preparation and Peace • GB urged US to prepare • To help aid: supplies or troops • 1914: Patriotic Education • 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train • 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in armed forces • Peace • Progressives, women, Congress

  29. Review • What was US response to the war? • What did the US do to prepare for the war?

  30. U Boats • U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine • Changed naval warfare • How? • Passenger and merchant ships • Issued no warning to their targets • Americans disliked

  31. Lusitania • May 7, 1915- British passenger ship • Carrying weapons • 1,200 passengers died • Media • Ran wild with this issue • Wilson= patience • Germany repay the families

  32. Sussex Pledge • Germany • Still went after passenger ships w/o warning • US threaten to cut off relations w. Germ. • Sussex Pledge • U Boats warn ships before attacking • US gives the Allies a huge loan • What does this mean?

  33. Election of 1916 • “He kept us out of war” • Wilson won a close race • Germany tested Wilson • Broke Sussex Pledge

  34. Zimmermann Note • Filibuster- Tactic where senators take the floor and talk to prevent a vote to occur • Zimmermann Note • Germany to Mexico • Mexico and Wilson took it lightly • Inching the US towards war

  35. Revolution • Russia 1917 • GETTING CRUSHED!!!!!!! • 1.8 Million dead, 2.4 Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil sick or wounded • No food or supplies • March 197 Tsar is out • April 6, 1917 • US declares war

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