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World War II: Germany

World War II: Germany. Objective. Analyze how the ambitions of Hitler/Germany paved the way for the outbreak of WWII. Germany’s Path to War. Hitler’s theory of racial domination laid the foundation for aggressive expansion of Germany Hitler starts by violating the Treaty of Versailles.

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World War II: Germany

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  1. World War II: Germany

  2. Objective • Analyze how the ambitions of Hitler/Germany paved the way for the outbreak of WWII

  3. Germany’s Path to War • Hitler’s theory of racial domination laid the foundation for aggressive expansion of Germany • Hitler starts by • violating the Treaty of Versailles

  4. Hitler violations: Begins military draft plans for air force Sent German troops into Rhineland – demilitarized area Reaction: Italy, GB, and France condemned Hitler’s actions BUT nothing else France is nervous but lets it go Britain sees this is “Germany going into its own backyard” APPEASEMENT Hitler violates the Versailles Treaty

  5. Italy - Germany GB and France mad about Mussolini invading Ethiopia He turned to Hitler Rome-Berlin Axis Austria - Germany Forces chancellor to put Nazis in charge of gov’t allow Hitler’s troops to enter Annexed Austria Alliances • Japan - Germany • against Communism • Anti – CominternPact

  6. Hitler’s Demands and the Munich Pact • Munich Pact : Great Britain and France • Hitler demands Sudetenland • German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia • Pact: Allows him to take Sudetenland (nothing more!) • Appeasement • Chamberlain: “Peace for out time” • What does this tell Hitler? What is next?

  7. Non Aggression Pact • Germany & USSR : • To avoid 2 front war for Germany • Agree to conquer then split up Poland • Hitler believes GB & France won’t step up and follow through on their promise to protect Poland • World is shocked

  8. Germany Invades Poland • Non Aggression pact gives Hitler the freedom to enter Poland • Hitler hates the Polish corridor • German & Soviet forces invade Poland • Britain and France declare war on Germany

  9. Objective • Describe the course of events of World War II. (Germany)

  10. Blitz vsSitz • Blitzkrieg – Poland • Lightening war – Sept 1939 • Attack quickly & overpower Poland • Tanks. airplanes, bombs • 5 weeks later Germany and Soviet Union divide Poland • Sitzkrieg - The West - France • phony war – “sitting war” • Border France – Maginot Line • After Poland, nothing was going on in the west • Germany was hoping GB & France would give up • GB & France were hoping Germany was done • Another Blitzkrieg – Other countries – April 1940 • Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and France

  11. Fall of France • Broke through French lines • Went around Maginot Line (French border) through Belgium • Split Allies • British trapped on Dunkirk Beach • Heroic efforts evacuate 338,000 troops • Churchill called it a “miracle” • Germans still want to get Britain • France Falls– June 1940 • France is divided into zones • Germans control 3/5 of France • Vichy France is created in the other 2/5 • Puppet government – led by Petain (WWI Hero)

  12. Battle of Britain • Britain turns to US • US responds with isolationism • didn’t want to get involved (think WWI) • Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe – air attack on military sites • Britain’s radar and sonar provided early warning • German Shift of Strategy • Bombed major cities – civilians – Why? • Britain remained strong and attacked back – fixed bases • Hitler did not win!!! • 1st major defeat • Says he will return, but never does

  13. Attack on Soviet Union • Breaks the Non-Aggression Pact Why? • Crush the USSR • Eliminate Great Britain’s support system (Ally) • Gain resources • Wants quick defeat • Delayed – problems in the Balkans • June start instead of spring • First time Germany is stopped. Why? • Early winter • Not prepared • Soviet resistance

  14. World War II: Japan

  15. Objective Analyze how the ambitions of Japan paved the way for the outbreak of World War II. Describe the course of events of World War II. (Japan)

  16. Japan’s Path to War Main Idea: Japan has their own plans to seize other countries. Why? The need for natural resources

  17. Japan takes over Manchuria • Japanese created state of Manchukuoout of Manchuria • puppet ruler Henry Pu Yi • Direct or Indirect Rule? • League of Nations investigates • Japan removes itself • US refused to recognize new state but is also not willing to use force • Japan wants to conquer more and expand

  18. Japan Keeps going - China • Like Hitler: Japan takes more & more • Japan Attacks China • Established control of some areas in the east & north • Overall China remained strong & refused to surrender

  19. And Going….Siberia • Japan wants China to join a “New Order” , an alliance of: Japan, Manchuria, & China • Japan wants to seize resources in Siberia • China – Not interested • Plan “B” - Work with Hitler • Seize, conquer, and divide Soviet Union • Plans change after Nonaggression Pact, can’t attack the USSR if it is allied with Germany.

  20. Japan changes its path – SE Asia • SE Asia (American and European colonies) • Take over colonies to get raw materials • risk losing US oil & iron • US retaliates with sanctions • Debate – • Stop invading Asia to please the US? • Attack the US?

  21. Attack on Pearl Harbor • Japan underestimated US strength, thought US had soft leaders and was unable to fight • Now the US has reason to enter the war (think 911) • Declared war on Japan • Japan launched attacks in SE Asia • same day as Pearl Harbor

  22. Hitler Responds • Declares war on the US because he believes the war in the Pacific would make the US ineffective • Conflict turned into another global war

  23. Objective • Explain which events brought the devastation to an end in WWII. • Europe • Asia

  24. World War II: The End of the War How did it end?

  25. The Grand Alliance • The Grand Alliance • Meet in Tehran (1943) • The Big 3: Great Britain, US, and USSR • Focus on military goals and ignore political differences for now • Force unconditional surrender and nothing less - no discussion

  26. European Theater: The Tide Turns… • Africa • North Africa • Allies are able to push them out and force surrender in May 1943 • Eastern Front • Stalingrad – major industrial center • Bad winter conditions and supply lines were cut off • Forced to surrender (Spring 1943) • Italy • Sicily fell to the Allies • Mussolini was arrested (1943), Germans liberated him • Later… resistance fighters shot him

  27. European Theater: Last Years - France • France: D-Day – June 6, 1944 • Allied forces under Eisenhower landed on Normandy • Greatest naval invasion in history • Mines, barbed wire, gun fire • Falsely led Germans • Thought attack was a diversion • Germans responded slowly • Freed France • Agreed to meet with Soviets at the Elbe River • YouTube - D-DAY invasion(3 min)

  28. Last Years of the War: Soviet Union • Soviets expand • take over Warsaw then Berlin • swept through Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania • Hitler realizes the end is near • Goes into a bunker under Berlin • Still blames the Jews for the war • Commits suicide • VE Day  5/7/1945 • Germany surrenders

  29. Asian Theatre: The tide turns • In the Pacific • Battle of Coral Sea • Saved Australia from been taken over • Battle of Midway – turning point • US planes destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers • US established Naval superiority • New strategy – Island Hopping • Capture some Japanese islands and skip some • Effective – able to weaken Japanese forces

  30. The Last Years: Asian Theater • Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Deadly battles were foresight of what was to come on the main island • Other Options? • Atomic bomb? • Reasons for or against? • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • (8/6 & 8/9) • Japan surrendered - 8/14

  31. Lesson Learned? Even the casual observer of history can see that America made dramatically different choices after WWII than it had after WWI. Instead of retreating into an isolationist shell American helped build a new world order that would promote peace and stability. Look at the differences: • After WWI • Refused to join League of Nations • Became isolationist. High Tariffs helped to create a depression in Europe. • The Treaty of Versailles ignored Wilson's 14 points and punished Germany. • After WWII • America played a leading role in the creation of the United Nations. • America got seriously involved in European affairs. Rebuilding Europe and Japan helped to stave off a depression. • The treaties signed by Germany and Japan did not strongly punish either nation. America actually rebuilt them. This created long term, positive relationships between the US and these former enemies.

  32. Objectives • Describe the problems faced after World War II. • Explain how these problems led to the Cold War. • Describe decisions made at the following conferences: Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam • How did these decisions lead to the Cold War?

  33. The Beginning of a Cold War • After WWII • No real peace • Political tensions just months after the war • Cold War • Ideological conflict b/t the US and USSR • Until the 80’s • Problems started during the war • In a series of meetings between the Big Three • As we discuss the meetings, think about how they would cause tension.

  34. The Tehran Conference 11/1943 • Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill: The Big 3 • Met to discuss future course of war • Final assault on Germany through France • Unconditional surrender • The Big 3 would meet soon in defeated Germany • Soviet forces would liberate Eastern Europe • Other Allies would liberate France

  35. The Yalta Conference 2/1945 • Big 3 met again • Just before Germany’s surrender • Both sides were worried about each other now • Disagreed on free elections • FDR favored idea of self-determination / free elections • Stalin did not want to, but agreed • Creation of the United Nations • Germany to be divided into 4 zones • Big 3 plus France to occupy and govern them

  36. The Potsdam Conference (In Germany) 7/1945 • Began with mistrust over free elections • Truman (replacing Roosevelt demanded free elections • Stalin worried about free elections • Elections prohibit his goal of controlling eastern Europe • Wanted security for USSR • Announces no elections • West was worried • Did not want to invade

  37. A New Struggle Capitalism VS Communism • West worried • Stalin would lead a worldwide Communist revolution • Soviets worried • West would enforce global capitalist expansion • Churchill declared ‘iron curtain’ divided Europe into two hostile areas • World wondered if WWIII was going to happen

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