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Reading Education

Reading Education. An overview. Organizer for the First Week. Overview. Importance of Reading. Linguistic Foundations. State Requirements. Importance of Reading. Reading is the most fundamental learning skill

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Reading Education

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  1. ReadingEducation An overview

  2. Organizer for the First Week Overview Importance of Reading Linguistic Foundations State Requirements

  3. Importance of Reading • Reading is the most fundamental learning skill • Ample research evidence shows a high correlation between early poor reading and later failure in school life (Torgesen et al., 1997) • Reading/literacy level is highly correlated with quality of life, even health (Lyon, 2004) • Some states build prisons according to illiteracy rate • Illiteracy is correlated with substance abuse, teen pregnancy, poverty,… (NICHD, 2000) • Literacy demands have increased exponentially (Bronfenbrenner et al., 1996)

  4. Current situation in reading education • NAEP data show reading achievement for 4th graders did NOT increase in the past three decades (Lyon, 2004) • Approximately 40% of all children are reading below the basic level on NAEP’s assessment • Children of urban minorities and low SES are left behind

  5. Reading is about Language LanguageSystems Phonology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics

  6. Phonological system • The sounds in English and how they are represented • Read: Parrowful, mathakolia, toaph • Spell: • Other than sight words, we decode according to the letters we see. Decoding is important for less proficient readers. We spell according to the sound we hear. • Visual-graphophonic cueing system: Know how to read when seeing the symbol and know how to spell when hearing the sounds Grapheme: letter “m”; 26 Phoneme: sound /m/; 44 Alphabetic principle: letters and sounds are related • Not always predictable

  7. Samples related to sounds • Homophones: to/too/two, their/there, your/you’re, knew/new, through/threw, meet/meat, rough/ruff, flee/flea, knight/night, hear/here, site/sight, no/know, where/were • Homographs: bow/bow, minute/minute, record/record, wind/wind, present/present, tear/tear • Accent sit; git; mint; since; think; AP History, P-4 Dialect & accent influence how children write.

  8. A poem in dialect Mint I “mint” to call and thank you- But my time was in demand. I “mint” to say “I love you” But I knew you’d understand… I “mint” to send you flowers- But they cost so much you know. I “mint” to say “Forgive me” But that’s so hard to do…

  9. Syntactic system a, house, red-roofed, big, Victorian-style My dad bought me the Nintendo Wii last Saturday! • Syntactic cueing system: Word order, tense, subject-verb agreement (grammar) • The system helps readers predict and make sense, but also causes difficulty in writing

  10. Samples related to syntax • I have a sweater red. • We goed to the mall yesterday. • The wolf is the baddest character. • Tense/Punctuations

  11. Semantic system • The semantic cueing system: meaning meaning of words/sentences/text; literal meaning Vs. figurative meaning; read between lines and read beyond text (A wants to borrow $3000 for a used car. B: That’s a lot of money. What lesson can you learn from Little Red Hen?) • Making inferences is the hardest thing for many children. (What does the author imply?) The principal says, “My door is always open.” Rayford: My daughter. She is my daughter. Passenger: Right. And I’m the Queen of England. • How do we understand things? (Left Behind) schema and its activation (network of knowledge)

  12. Samples related to meaning • Meaning: idioms pulling my leg give me the third degree drive him up a wall turned me off snowed under keep my head above water • Culture-specific meanings potluck, tailgate party, wedding/baby shower

  13. Samples • Meaning: slang airhead; butt-head; bummer; chilling; had a money time/crunk time; put on our finest bling bling; • Meaning: Words with multiple meanings pen/stiff/tie/train/run/school • Synonyms and antonyms

  14. Pragmatic system I ain’t got nothing. I’m fixing to read the book tonight. • Standard Vs. Nonstandard language Black English Dialect • Pragmatics: cultural/social rules

  15. State requirements in reading • List all the strands in language arts frameworks. • List all the standards in reading. • What are the foundational skills of reading for K and 1st grade? • In reading, what is the fluency requirement for each grade level?

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