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Main Points: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Main Points: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy. Chapter 5, Section 5. Parliament – What is it? . The word Parliament derives from a French word meaning to have a discussion. Today the word means a body of the people.

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Main Points: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

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  1. Main Points:Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Chapter 5, Section 5

  2. Parliament – What is it? • The word Parliament derives from a French word meaning to have a discussion. • Today the word means a body of the people. • Essentially, a legislature where members meet to discuss matters of state. • Along with the monarchy, the Parliament had a voice in English politics. • How to deal with Parliament would be an issue for absolute monarchs who believe their power derived from God.

  3. James I • James Stuart became the King of England after the death Elizabeth Tudor in 1603. • At the time of James rule Parliament had a large constituency of Puritans, a radical religious group who called for the purification of the Church of England. • James struggled with Parliament over the following: • Money • Puritan demands to reform the Anglican Church of Catholic Practices • However James did commission an English translation of the Holy Bible, referred to as the King James version.

  4. Here’s James…

  5. Gunpowder Plot • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMNOnYxhpOY

  6. Charles I • Became King of England in 1625 after the death of his father. • Charles continued to struggle with Parliament over money to fund wars with Spain and France. • 1628, Charles is forced to call Parliament again. Parliament refused to grant money to Charles unless he signed The Petition of Right.

  7. Here’s Charles…

  8. Petition of Right • Under the Petition of Right, Charles agreed to the following: • Charles would not imprison subjects without just cause. • Charles would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent. • Charles would not house soldiers in private homes. • Charles would not impose martial law in peacetime. • Charles pretty much ignores the Petition of Right. • However, the idea of the document, set forth the idea that LAW is higher than the king.

  9. English Civil War • A civil war developed in England over religious matters, but it had political consequences. • Charles needed money to fight the civil war, but Parliament refused. • 1641 Parliament moves to limit Charles’ power. Charles moves to arrest leaders of Parliament • Charles leaves London to head up an army. • Supporters of Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers.

  10. English Civil War Continued… • 1642-1649 • Royalists vs. Roundheads, or Puritan supporters • In 1644 the Roundheads were lead by Oliver Cromwell. • Cromwell formed the New Model Army and began to defeat the Royalists. • In 1647, the Roundheads held Charles prisoner. • 1649, Cromwell and the Puritans brought Charles to trial for treason. • Charles was found guilty and publically beheaded on January 30, 1649.

  11. Puritan Rule • Oliver Cromwell ruled England as Lord Protectorate from 1649-1658. • Under Cromwell England… • Established a commonwealth and dissolved monarchy • Was at war with the Irish • Reformed English Society • Closed the theatre, sporting events and banned dancing due to sinfulness of the activities. • Promoted Puritan Morality but favored religious toleration for all faiths EXCEPT Catholicism.

  12. The English Civil War • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyQnEDt7eA

  13. The Restoration • The English Monarchy was restored in 1659 at the request of Parliament. • Charles II, Charles I oldest son, took the throne and England rejoiced. • Charles allowed Parliament to work. • Most important freedom under Charles was the writ of Habeas Corpus. • Literally means “to have the body” in Latin • 1679, law gave every prisoner the right to come before a judge to hear why they were being held in jail. • Prisoners could not be held indefinitely without trial

  14. Whigs and Tories • Charles II had no children – Who would succeed him? • Whigs opposed making James II the next king of England. • Tories supported James as the next king. • These two groups would become the England’s first political parties, much like the Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. today.

  15. Charles II as a little kid…

  16. James II • James II claimed the throne in 1685 after the death of his brother, Charles II. • James was Catholic and offended many English by appointing many priests to high office breaking the law. • James dissolved Parliament when they objected to the appointments. • Parliament set out to oust James from power and his Catholic heirs.

  17. The Glorious Revolution • In 1688, James was ousted from power by William of Orange • Parliament asked the Protestant William and his wife, Mary, to rule England. • Mary was the protestant daughter of James II. • They were royalty in the Netherlands • Due to the lack of fighting that occurred, the name Glorious Revolution was applied.

  18. Constitutional Monarchy Established • England established a Constitutional Monarchy, whereby laws limited the monarch’s power. • Thus, Parliament became a partner in governance. • 1689, Parliament drafts a Bill of Rights • Basis for U.S. Constitution’s Bill of Rights • Cabinet established in 1700’s • The cabinet is a group of government ministers, or officials, who became the link between the monarch and the majority power in the English Parliament. • Over time the Cabinet became the center of policy making in England

  19. Certain Elements of English Bill of Rights • King could not be Roman Catholic. • Laws could be made only with the consent of Parliament. • Parliament had right of free speech. • Standing army in peace time was not legal without Parliamentary approval. • Taxation was illegal without Parliamentary approval. • Excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments were prohibited. • Right to trial by jury, due process of law, and reasonable bail was guaranteed. • People had the right to bear arms (Protestants but not Catholics) • Provided for free elections to Parliament and it could be dissolved only by its own consent. • People had right of petition.

  20. American Bill of Rights • Freedom of Religion, Petition, Speech, Assembly, and Press • Right to Bear Arms • Protection from Quartering Troops • Protection from Search and Seizure w/out Warrants • Due Process of the Law, Double Jeopardy, Protection from Self-Incrimination • All of these are rights in criminal cases • Right to a Fair and Speedy Trial • Right to a Trial by Jury • Protection from Excessive Bail and Cruel/Unusual Punishment 9. Rights Retained by the People 10. Powers Reserved to the States

  21. Exit Questions • Name one right guaranteed to the English people through the English Bill of Rights. • What form of government did England have by the end of the 1600s? • Absolute Monarchy C. Pure Democracy • Constitutional Monarchy D. Shared Monarchy

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