Foundations of Civilization First Civilizations Egypt Mesopotamia

1. Foundations of Civilization First Civilizations Egypt Mesopotamia

2. Guiding Questions • What was the relationship between people and their environment? • What were the push/pull factors for migration? • How does migration affect other civilizations/cultures • What is trade? • How does an economy function?

3. Complete Daily Lesson Planner located at end of presentation

4. K-W-L Early Civilizations What I Learned about First Civilizations What I Know about First Civilizations What I Want to Learn about First Civilizations

5. Foundations of Civilization TTYN:What were Hunters and Gatherers?. • Scientist believe that humans first appeared over two million years ago. • It is also suggested that the first humans were wandering Hunters and Gatherers.

6. Foundations of Civilization • Hunters and Gatherers – • During the Stone Age, Hunters and Gatherers, also known as Nomads, were people who moved from place to place, hunting and gathering their food. • They made simple tools and weapons from stone, bone, and wood. They developed their own language, which allowed them to communicate during a hunt.

7. Foundations of Civilization Spiritual Beliefs – Towards the end of the Old Stone Age, Nomads began to bury their dead, which suggests that they believed in an afterlife. Where it all began – Evidence suggests that the earliest people lived in E. Africa. Eventually, their descendants spread to all parts of the world. There some evidence that suggests Nomads migrated over a land bridge into N. America.

8. Foundations of Civilization TTYN: Describe Migration Migration led to Cultural Diffusion, or the exchange of ideas, customs, and goods among cultures. • TTYN: From your prior knowledge, describe - • How Cultural Diffusion has had an impact on American Culture. • How Cultural Diffusion has had an impact on your life

9. Foundations of Civilization TTYN: Describe the term Revolution The Neolithic Revolution (In with the New and out with the Old) • Due to environmental changes and changes to weather patterns, the Old Stone Age came to a close. • Warmer weather promoted vegetation where, previously, sheets of ice had dominated the landscape. • Around 10,000 B.C., civilizations made several important discoveries – they learned how to plant seeds and domesticate animals.

10. Foundations of Civilization TTYN: Describe the term Revolution The Neolithic Revolution (In with the New and out with the Old) • Too tired to wander - The need to wander was over • People could live in permanent settlements • The end of the Old Stone Age and the beginning of the New Stone Age, or Neolithic Period. • FYI– Many historians refer to the Neolithic Revolution as the Agricultural Revolution because farming and domestic animals changed the way people lived.

11. Foundations of Civilization TTYN:Try to Identify at least three different ways that life may have changed during the Neolithic Revolution - Permanent Settlements New Social Classes – Not everything was “peaches and cream.” When resources were scarce, groups went to war and Chiefs or headsmen emerged. As a result, men gained prestige and obtained great power and influence.

12. Foundations of Civilization TTYN:Try to Identify at least three different ways that life may have changed during the Neolithic Revolution - • 3. New Technology – • The wheel • Metal weapons • Metal tools • Plows • Calendar There’s no place like home Where did most civilizations develop? First civilizations began to develop along river valleys. The rich fertile lands helped new civilizations thrive.