Instructor Review Vocabulary and Concepts AP Government and Politics Unit 1

1. Instructor Review Vocabulary and Concepts AP Government and Politics Unit 1 Chapter 2 Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government

2. Chapter 2 • It is important for students to understand the differences between the separation of powers and checks and balances. • How has the Constitution changed and grown over time? • Living document • Formal and informal changes

3. Documents • Declaration of Independence • Reflects Locke’s philosophy • Inalienable rights • Legally the colonies could reject the British rulers. • Basic fundamentals for the Constitution • Articles of Confederation • Established states as sovereign authorities. The confederation was an attempt to decentralize power among the states and leave the federal government virtually powerless. • States had the power to tax!!!!!! • Shay’s Rebellion • Second Constitutional Convention • Stop the spread of anarchy • Revise the Articles

4. Documents Continued • Virginia Plan • Established a bi-cameral legislature based on a states population. • Favored large states • New Jersey Plan • Maintained a unicameral legislature but it would have the power to tax and regulate trade between the states. • Favored small states • Gibbons v. Ogden (remember this happened much later, but solidified the federal governments power to regulate interstate commerce)

5. Documents Continued • Great Compromise • Also known as the Connecticut Compromise • Established a bi-cameral legislature with larger states gaining seats based on population in the House of Representatives and smaller states gaining equal representation in the Senate. • The North-South Compromise • Restricted the North from placing unfair tariffs on the South and tabled the debate on slavery until 1808. • Without this the South would never be on board with the Constitution. • Three-Fifths Compromise • Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person. • The issue of slavery would not be resolved until the Civil War.

6. Federalists versus Anti-Federalists • In an attempt to establish a strong national government and abolish the Articles of Confederation, the Framers had to implement new ratification procedures. • This created the controversy between the two groups. • Issues that separated the groups included; • Lack of a Bill of Rights • How to manage a strong executive • State sovereignty issues

7. Federalists • Were in support of the ratification of the Constitution. • Leaders included; • James Madision • Alexander Hamilton • John Jay • All were included in the Federalist Papers • A series of essays arguing that a national government was necessary to correct the deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation and that the federal government would be limited in its power.

8. Vocabulary • Constitutional democracy • Direct and indirect democracy • Republic • Limited government • Self government • Inalienable rights • Shay’s Rebellion • Writ of habeas corpus • Ex-post Facto laws • Bill of Rights • Separation of Powers • Checks and balances • Judicial Review • Tyrannical rule of the majority • Democracy • Trustee • Electoral College • Delegates • Primary System