Sustainable Management of Ecosystems: Timber Production and Fishing

1. Module 6 – Populations & Sustainability: Sustainable management Equipment: Spec: 6.3.2: how the management of an ecosystem can provide resources in a sustainable way Examples to include timber production and fishing. the management of environmental resources and the effects of human activities. To include how ecosystems can be managed to balance the conflict between conservation/ preservation and human needs e.g. the Masai Mara region in Kenya and the Terai region of Nepal, peat bogs AND the effects of human activities on the animal and plant populations and how these are controlled in environmentally sensitive ecosystems e.g. the Galapagos Islands, Antarctica, Snowdonia National Park, the Lake District. • Pg.296-297 Handouts:

2. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Starter Define: Sustainable development. • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Ext: Describe a “temperate woodland” environment. Materials/organisms in an ecosystem should be produced at the same or higher rate then they are used.

3. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 In order to successfully replace trees in a woodland, there are some factors to consider: Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Woodland ecosystems • Trees are cleared in strips or patches so that the woodland grows back more quickly. • The cleared strips or patches aren’t too large or exposedso that the soil is not disturbed (soil erosion). • Harvested by coppicing – cutting down trees but leaving the stump for it to grow back more quickly that planting a new tree. • Native tree species to be replanted instead of introducing new species (already in sync with the rest of the ecosystem). • Newly planted trees supported by posts or grown in plastic tubes to ensure survival. • Trees planted spaced apart to reducecompetition. • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Q: How could rotational coppicing be useful? It increases biodiversity by shifting around soil minerals & competition.

4. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Timber production Forestry Commission Woods & Forests - TP • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Timber can be harvested from forests & used for many useful products such as building materials, veneers, composite panels, plywood (soft & hardwood)

5. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Large-scale timber production • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region In the past, ‘cleartree felling’ all the trees in an areas common. What problem does this cause? • This could destroy habitats, reduce soil mineral levels & cause soil erosion. • Soil can run off into waterways, polluting them. • More commonly, selective cutting involves removing only the largest, most valuable trees.

6. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Large-scale timber production • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Sustainable management of forests is finding the correct balance between human needs & maintaining growth & biodiversity. In order to do this, foresters can: • Control pests & pathogens • Only plant particular tree species that will grow well in that area • Position trees correct distances apart.

7. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Fish stocks How can fish stocks be properly conserved? • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region • Fish quotas: • Limiting the amount of fish species that fisherman can catch. • When ecologists determine a species’ carrying capacity, this can then be reinforced to fisherman. • International agreements (e.g. Common Fisheries Policy in the EU) that states the number of fish each country can take. • Controlling mesh size of nets: • Use different mesh sizes depending on which species you are fishing. • Larger mesh allows smaller, young fish to escape in order for them to mature to breeding age.

8. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Questions Complete the summary Q’s: • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region

9. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Terai region (Nepal) • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Two successful examples of sustainable development in ecosystems are the Terai region (Nepal) & the Maasai Mara region (Kenya).

10. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Terai region (Nepal) • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region • An area of forest & grasslands on the Nepal/India border. • Home of the Bengal tiger endangered species & Asian elephant. • ~7 million people live there who depend on the land to survive. • Some areas destroyed by humans (housing, other developments), causing tension with animals, which has led to conflicts. • Conservation charity (the WWF) has worked with locals to support their needs (e.g. solar cookers, biogas generators) to prevent them from using wood from the forest as fuel.

11. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Maasai region (Kenya) Hot air balloon safari over Maasai Mara • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region A famous destination for wildlife watchers as it has large populations of antelope & other largemammals.

12. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Maasai region (Kenya) • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region • A large area of grassland (savannah) that is a national reserve in Kenya. • Home to large populations of wildebeest & zebra, as well as lions & cheetahs. • The Maasai people generally earn a living by raising livestock, such as cattle. (Overgrazing by livestock can destroy grassland for wildlife. • Conservation trusts work with locals to help them live more sustainably with native animal species.

13. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise UK Peat bogs • Peat bogs are areas made up of mainly wet peat (waterlogged, acid environment). • They store CO2 & H2O and often are rich in moss populations. • Used for grazing by sheep & deer. • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Peak District National Park

14. Sustainable development L.O. to evaluate how to manage an ecosystem & its resources in a sustainable way. Module 6 Tuesday, 13 March 2018 Tasks STARTER Timber Fish stocks Terai region Maasai region Exam practise Exam practise • Key terms • Sustainability • Timber • Fisheries • Terai region • Maasai region Complete the exam practice provided.