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Electricity and Electronics

Electricity and Electronics. Technology Education Dept. Bellwood-Antis Middle School Mr. Mackereth. WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?. ELECTRICITY is the FLOW of ELECTRONS through a current carrying CONDUCTOR or WIRE. ELECTRICITY CAN BE MEASURED AS…..

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Electricity and Electronics

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  1. Electricity andElectronics Technology Education Dept. Bellwood-Antis Middle School Mr. Mackereth

  2. WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? • ELECTRICITY is the FLOW of ELECTRONS through a current carrying CONDUCTOR or WIRE. • ELECTRICITY CAN BE MEASURED AS….. • AMPERAGE (AMPS)- The electron’s RATE OF FLOW • VOLTAGE (VOLTS)- The PRESSURE of the electrons • POWER (WATTS)-The measure of POWER OUTPUT • RESISTANCE (OHMS)- The friction in the electric wire while electricity is trying to pass through.

  3. COMMOM ELECTRICAL TERMS: • POTENTIAL ENERGY- Energy in position, or stored energy. At rest, ready to release energy • KINETIC ENERGY- Energy in motion, or energy being consumed or used to do work. • MATTER- Object(s) that occupy space (atom) • MOLECULE- the smallest part of a compound. • ATOM- The individual elements that make up compounds in our world. ALL MOLECULES ARE MADE FROM INDIVIDUAL ATOMS!

  4. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE DIFFERENT WAYS OUR SOCIETY USES ELECTRICITY? • HOUSEHOLD USES • MANUFACTURING • COMMUNICATION • RECREATION • HEALTH & MEDICAL • PUBLIC LIGHTING • SAFETY & SECURITY • PROFESSIONAL USES • TEMPERATURE CONTROLS • RESEARCH / LABORATORY

  5. COMMOM ELECTRICAL TERMS: • PROTONS- A positively charged particle in an atom • ELECTRONS- Negatively charged particle in an atom • DIRECT CURRENT (DC)- A continuous electrical energy, usually from transformers and batteries • DC electric power ALWAYS flows from positive to negative • ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)- Electricity in a wave form that pulses from + to – 60 times a second. • Regular household/business electric power is AC • AC electricity pulses back & forth b/w positive & negative

  6. COMMOM ELECTRICAL TERMS: • CONDUCTOR- An object that WILL allow electric current to flow through itself. (PLASTIC, RUBBER, PVC) • INSULATOR - An object that WILL NOT allow electric current to flow through itself. (WATER & METALS) • ELECTRICITY QUIZ #1 IS TOMORROW! • INCLUDES EVERYTHING FROM PAGE 1 OF NOTES. ALSO, KNOW SOCIETY’S USES OF ELECTRICITY! • BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELECTRICAL TERMS USING COMPLETE SENTENCES.

  7. TYPES OF CIRCUITS • OPEN CIRCUIT- An electric pathway that is not connected, or has a break (short) in the path. • ELECTRICITY WON’T FLOW IN AN OPEN CIRCUIT • A light switch in theOFFposition is an OPENcircuit • CLOSED CIRCUIT- An COMPLETE electrical pathway • ELECTRICITY WILL FLOW IN A CLOSED CIRCUIT • A light switch in the ON position is a CLOSED circuit

  8. TYPES OF CIRCUITS • SERIES CIRCUIT- A path with only ONE “HOT” WIRE. • Devices in a series circuit are connected one after the other. Old Christmas lights are wired IN SERIES. • PARALLEL CIRCUIT- A path containing TWO WIRES (one HOT & one NEUTRAL wire.) Each device is connected to BOTH WIRES. Homes are IN PARALLEL • GROUNDED CIRCUIT- a safe circuit preventing shock • Make sure you can identify the 18 different electrical symbols on your FLASH CARDS.

  9. ELECTRICITY QUIZ #2 • INCLUDES EVERYTHING FROM PAGES 1 & 2 OF YOUR NOTES. ALSO KNOW THE FIVE DIFFERENT CIRCUITS! • BE ABLE TO DEFINE ALL THE TERMS & BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY ALL 18 SYMBOLS • THE QUIZ IS TOMORROW!

  10. CALCULATING ELECTRICAL VALUES • Scientists discovered in the 19th century that electricity follows the laws of physics & can be calculated using mathematical equations. • KNOW THE FORMULAS BELOW: • WATTS = VOLTS x AMPS (W = V x A) • VOLTS = AMPS x RESISTANCE (V = A x R) • If you know or are given any two of the four values, YOU CAN CALCULATE THE OTHERS!

  11. PRACTICE PROBLEMS PROBLEM #1 PROBLEM #2 Volts = 120 Watts = 60 FIND AMPS & OHMS W = V x A 60 =120 X A 120 120 A = 0.5 V = A x R 120 = 0.5 X R 0.5 0.5 R = 240 • Volts = 120 Amps = 3 • FIND WATTS & OHMS • W = V x A • W =120 X 3 • W = 360 • V = A x R • 120 = 3 X R 3 3 • R = 40

  12. PRACTICE PROBLEMS PROBLEM #3 PROBLEM #4 Watts = 1200 Amps = 15 FIND VOLTS & OHMS W = V x A 1200 =V X 15 15 15 V= 80 V = A x R 80 = 15 X R 15 15 R = 5.33333333 (5.3) • Volts = 12 Ohms = 24 • FIND AMPS & WATTS • V = A x R • 12 = 24 X R 24 24 • A= 0.5 • W = V x A • w =12 X 0.5 • W = 6

  13. HOMEWORK PROBLEM #1 PROBLEM #2 Volts = 120 Watts = 180 FIND AMPS & OHMS W = V x A 180=120 X A 120 120 A = 1.5 V = A x R 120 = 1.5 X R 1.5 1.5 R = 280 • Volts = 240 Amps = 3 • FIND WATTS & OHMS • W = V x A • W =240 X 3 • W = 720 • V = A x R • 240 = 3 X R 3 3 • R = 80

  14. RESISTORS • RESISTORS are man-made components that are designed to limit the flow of electricity through small circuit boards and other electronic devices. • RESISTORS have a FOUR COLOR CODE that tells us the size (amount of resistance) in each resistor. • COLOR BAND #1- The 1st digit in the resistor size • COLOR BAND #2- The 2nd digit in the resistor size • COLOR BAND #3- # of zeros added (multiplier) • COLOR BAND #4- The TOLERANCE level allowed

  15. PRACTICE PROBLEM 1, a resistor withRED YELLOWBROWNSILVER 2 4 add 1 zeros 10%ANSWER: 240 Ohms with a tolerance of 10% • HIGH TOLERANCE • # of Ohms X 100 + T% • 240 Ohms X 110% • Answer: 264 Ohms • LOW TOLERANCE • # Ohms X 100 + T% • Ohms X 110% • Answer: 216 Ohms

  16. PRACTICE PROBLEM 2, a resistor withBROWN RED ORANGEGOLD 1 2add 3 zeros 5%ANSWER: 12,000 Ohms with a tolerance of 5% • HIGH TOLERANCE • # of Ohms X (100 + T %) • 12,000 Ohms X 105% • ANSWER: 12,600 Ohms • LOW TOLERANCE • # Ohms X (100 – T %) • 12,000 Ohms X 95% • Answer: 11,400 Ohms

  17. HOMEWORK #1 is a resistor with ….RED RED ORANGESILVER 2 2add 3 zeros 10%ANSWER: 22,000 Ohms with a tolerance of 10% • HIGH TOLERANCE • # Ohms X (100 + T %) • 22,000 Ohms X 110% • ANS: 24,200 Ohms • LOW TOLERANCE • # Ohms X (100 - T %) • 22,000 Ohms X 90% • ANS: 19,800 Ohms

  18. HOMEWORK #2 is a resistor with …. BROWN RED BROWN SILVER 1 2add 1 zero 10%ANSWER: 120 Ohms with a tolerance of 10% • HIGH TOLERANCE • # Ohms X (100 + T %) • 120 Ohms X 110% • ANS: 132 Ohms • LOW TOLERANCE • # Ohms X (100 - T %) • 120 Ohms X 90% • ANS: 108 Ohms

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