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4 th -generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde Amsterdam Waste & Energy Enterprise

4 th -generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde Amsterdam Waste & Energy Enterprise ECOTECH, Amsterdam May 14, 2003. INTRODUCTION. 1. Introduction 2 . Europe 3 . The Netherlands 4. Amsterdam 5. Concept of Installation 6. New generation of waste incineration

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4 th -generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde Amsterdam Waste & Energy Enterprise

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  1. 4th-generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde Amsterdam Waste & Energy Enterprise ECOTECH, Amsterdam May 14, 2003

  2. INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 2. Europe 3. The Netherlands 4. Amsterdam 5. Concept of Installation 6. New generation of waste incineration 7. Conclusion

  3. Society Exhaust Air Society Waste Water Water Raw materials Waste

  4. Closing the loop Exhaust gas Air Society Waste Water Water Energy Raw materials WTE Waste

  5. Waste is a RENEWABLE ! • Richer than most RAW MATERIALS Waste Fired Power Plant Organic Sustainable = ENERGY Waste

  6. 2. The Waste Market in Europe • Total waste in EU: 1300 million ton/year • Municipal Solid Waste: 182 million ton/year (14%) • MSW per capita: 490 kg/year

  7. Classification of household-waste • mixed in bag or container 242 • Green-rests, Garden 120 • big items, re-building materials 72 • Paper 68 • Glass 22 • Metals, electrical 6,3 • Small Chemical Waste 1,7 • Total collected 532 (in kg/j per person)

  8. Market forces • Market liberalisation • Under-capacity for incineration • Changing regulation: • Classification of treatment • Classification of waste • Residues • CO2-Reduction • Europe • Public awareness

  9. 3. Dutch scenario's 2012 Combustible Waste Total Waste Production MTon/year

  10. Price differences EURO Landfill: 30,- to 50,- plus new “green-Tax” Compost: 50,- to 70,- Incineration: 70,- to 120,- Recycling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  11. Dutch landfill costs • Operating costs 30 - 50 €/ton • Environmental tax 15 € /ton • Tax combustible waste 55 € /ton Total 100 - 120 € /ton

  12. WFPP 30% Energy 30% Household WTE 30% Material Energy 30% Household Separation Percent of Mass Conversion efficiency Overall efficiency RDF40% 30% Digestion 5% Household Separation (mechanical) 25% 20% recovery Material 25% Landfill “Integral chain efficiency” Energy28% Energy 2%

  13. 4. Amsterdam Mission of the AEB Maximise use out of waste Strategic aims • Lowest tariff for the civilian • Optimal environmental performance • Technological innovations

  14. Waste & Energy Enterprise Amsterdam • Generations: • 1917 : 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning 1969 • 1969 : 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting • 1993 : 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning • 2006 : +500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY • Local government owned, “commercial” operation • Long term contracts • Industrial scale • 78,- Euro per ton

  15. 1st Incineration 1919-1969

  16. AVI-Noord 1969-1993

  17. Aerial picture (overview)

  18. Investment per ton related to the design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration AVI-Amsterdam

  19. 5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING INSTALLATION • Horizontal grate • 4 draw boiler • semi dry Spray Absorber • Acid + neutral washer • Electro Dynamic Ventury • No waste water

  20. Boiler

  21. Flue gas Cleaning

  22. Recycling of residues Input 1 ton • Bottom ash 230 kg Road construction • Iron 20 kg trade • Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade • fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac • Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill 1000 kg

  23. PROJECTS • Increasing Energy-output • District heating • Second economiser • Decreasing residues + Reuse • Salt recovery • Bottom ash washing • Reducing maintenance • Increase throughput • Sewage sludge incineration

  24. 6. New generation in Waste incineration Historical waste incineration “generations”: • 0 Open air incineration • 1st 1900 oven • 2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas • 3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas In this presentation we outline a new step: • 4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials

  25. Why new generation ? Historical development of public awareness: newly identified needs lead to a new technical concept. So now recovery is the “next logical step”.

  26. Energy-potential in Waste Waste in EU: 182 MTon/year x 10 MJ/kg x 30% Electricity: = 550 PJ / year = 150 TWh / year = 17.300 MW-continuous = 8 % of total EU-production Avoided CO2 = 60 million Tons per year

  27. 4th-generation Incineration: HE-WTE • Cost must go down • Reliable, proven technology • Energy Optimisation to the max !! Leap from 22% to >30% • Material reuse to the max !! Fe, Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2, Washed bottom ash = N1 quality building material Washed fly ash = inert

  28. HR-AVI project • Systematic approach to optimise recovery • Using proven technologies in new combination • Energy efficiency from 22% to >30% • Now in contracting phase

  29. 0,03 bar 14 bar 13 bar 135 bar 130 bar 25°C 190°C 320°C 335°C 480°C Superheater x 1 x 2 Reheater Sketch steam reheatingSuperheated steam 440-480°CSteam pressure 125-130 barSteam reheating after HP-turbineExtra economiser

  30. Evaporator Superheater Economiser 3e 2e 1e 850°C 2nd 1st 650°C 4th 180°C 3rd SSH 1 SSH 2 SSH 3 SSH 4 ECO 1 ECO 2 ECO 3 terti terti a Ketelas 2 secu Ketelas 1 secu 1 2 3 4 Bodemas Prim Sketch Boiler design- Large 1st draw: Height >20m, Flue-gas velocity < 3m/s- Large 2nd and 3rd-draw- Super-heater: Flue-gas velocity < 2,5 m/s- Second Economiser after fabric filter- Flue-gas recirculation (primary and secondary air)

  31. Investments AVI + HR-AVI • Year 1993 2003 • Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000 500.000 • Investment: (Million €) • Incineration 190 150 • Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100 • Energy production 60 70 + Total 420 320

  32. HR-AVI extensionsketch Rudolf DAS

  33. 7. CONCLUSION • COST, can/must go DOWN • SIMPLE process, do it OPTIMAL • Environmental efficiency, use al SYNERGY • Efficiency > 30% instead of 22%

  34. Recovery is the new Rule It was WI: Waste incineration It is WTE: Waste To Energy It will beWFPP: Waste Fired Power Plant When efficiency greater than 30%

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