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A SEARCH FOR SPICES

AGE OF EXPLORATION. A SEARCH FOR SPICES. 1400 - 1800. REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION. European demand for gold, spices, natural resources Support for diffusion (spread) of Christianity Political & economic competition between European empires. WHY ARE SPICES IMPORTANT?.

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A SEARCH FOR SPICES

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  1. AGE OF EXPLORATION A SEARCH FOR SPICES 1400 - 1800

  2. REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION • European demand for gold, spices, natural resources • Support for diffusion (spread) of Christianity • Political & economic competition between European empires

  3. WHY ARE SPICES IMPORTANT? • spices originally lure Europeans • preserve & improve food, make medicine, cosmetics & perfumes • “SPICE ISLANDS” – East Indies (present day Indonesia, Malaysia & New Guinea), & India

  4. WHERE DO THE SPICES GO? • Muslims/Arab traders go to eastern Mediterranean ports w/ spices, then… • Italian traders get spices & travel west across Mediterranean to sell for 40x original price! • Portugal & Spain seek new route to Asia b/c routes were no longer safe & wanted to make $ by obtaining spices w/o Arab middlemen

  5. REMEMBER: 3 G’s and a T • GOLD: some seek riches/power • GLORY: Some want to learn about new people/ideas & take credit • GOD: some want to spread Christianity • TECHNOLOGY: made voyages possible

  6. TECHNOLOGY: MERCATOR PROJECTION • Cartographers make maps • New kind of map that showed true direction (latitude/longitude)

  7. TECHNOLOGY: ASTROLABE • Used to determine latitude at sea • Originally used by Ancient Greeks, then improved by Muslims • Brass circle w/ adjustable rings  sights stars for direction

  8. TECHNOLOGY: CARAVEL • larger, faster, & more maneuverable • Multiple masts, triangular sails & new kind of rudder enabled sailors to steer into the wind • Cannons on side

  9. TECHNOLOGY: COMPASS • Magnetic • First developed by Chinese & Europeans improved it for sailing

  10. WHO STARTS SAILING FIRST? • PORTUGAL leads the way • Prince Henry (“the Navigator”) • builds school for navigators, cartographers & explorers • sponsored voyages along west coast of Africa  searching for route to Asia for spices & gold from Africa

  11. BARTOLOMEU DIAS • rounded southern tip of Africa  Cape of Good Hope (they were hopeful they would find a route to Asia) • Got beaten up by a storm & had to go back

  12. VASCO DA GAMA • 1497 - sails around Cape of Good Hope all the way to Calicut, India • buys spices (like pepper & cinnamon) & sells them at 4,000X the original price!

  13. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS • Spain joins the race! Hires Columbus (Italian) to sail west hoping to hit EAST INDIES • Instead reached WEST INDIES (Bahamas off Florida) • But thought he reached Asia  tensions growing between Spain & Portugal

  14. MORE ON COLUMBUS • Made several more voyages through Caribbean islands • Wrote King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella (Spain) that native people, the Tainos, were easy to convert & enslave (brain pop video)

  15. FERDINAND MAGELLAN • In search of westward route to “Spice Islands” • 1519 – reaches water passage at southern tip of South America (Strait of Magellan) • Connects to Pacific Ocean & his crew CIRCUMNAVIGATES the globe • He dies in Philippines • Out of 237 men, only 18 make it home

  16. JACQUES CARTIER • 1534 French explorer • Reached a gulf off east coast of Canada • Led to a river he named “St. Lawrence” & he followed it inland to Mont Royal (Montreal) • Helped to start New France

  17. SIR FRANCIS DRAKE • 1580’s English captain • Raided Spanish ships & colonies • Eventually leads British navy to victory over Spanish Armada in 1588

  18. NATIONALISM • The Dutch (Netherlands) create a bustling trading empire throughout Indian ocean • Pride in your country • Driving force behind competition for exploration • Colonies set up in newly conquered lands to establish control (harsh) • All leads to decimation of indigenous (native) peoples

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