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Understanding Levels of Measurement in Research: A Comprehensive Guide

This session focuses on the critical distinction between subjective and objective measures, along with the various levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Participants will learn to formulate research hypotheses and explore independent and dependent variables, emphasizing the practical application of measurement in research settings. Key highlights include practical exercises to determine the levels of measurement in practice and analyzing the suitability of measurements in existing literature. Enhance your research skills with foundational knowledge on measurement techniques and their implications.

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Understanding Levels of Measurement in Research: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Research Methods 1 Levels of Measurement

  2. Self AssessmentOn completion of this session you should comprehend: • The differences between subjective measures and objective measures • The nature of interval, ratio, nominal and ordinal measures

  3. From research question to data collection • Research hypothesis - operationalisation • What are you measuring and how are you going to measure it? • Independent and dependent variables

  4. Variables? • Parameters/Properties that vary • Independent variable - what is the experimenter going to manipulate? • Dependent variable - what is the outcome that is to be measured?

  5. Independent and Dependent Variables • The investigation of the effect of ultrasound therapy on pain intensity levels. • The investigation of the effect of aerobic exercise on perceived mood state.

  6. Definition of measurement “All any measurement is is a parameter chosen to represent the concept.” Dane (1990)

  7. Types of measurements • Objective - measurement of physical quantities and qualities using measurement equipment e.g. tape measure, electric weighing scales, goniometry • Subjective - ratings or judgements by humans of quantities and qualities e.g. rating ROM by eyeball estimation • Uses?

  8. Types of measurements • Qualitative; A ‘quality’ of the subject e.g. gender, exam grade achieved etc. A characteristic or type not a measured amount. • Quantitative; A ‘quantity’ measured with numbers each number representing a measurement.

  9. Qualitative Nominal Ordinal Quantitative Discrete Continuous Interval Ratio Types and Levels of measurements

  10. Levels of Measurement • Nominal e.g. religion, eye colour • Ordinal e.g. age groups • Interval e.g. temperature (oC), intelligence • Ratio e.g. temperature (Kelvin), heart rate

  11. Characteristics of measurement levels

  12. The Parameter or the measurement? • Continuous scale Ratio level-Discrete Height (m) • Ordinal scale Height categories: short, average and tall • Nominal scale Height Grouping: < 1.2m > 1.7 m 1.2m < 1.50m 1.5m < 1.7m

  13. Identify the Level of Measurement

  14. Exercises • Identify one Qualitative measure and one Quantitative measure useful in your practice. • Identify one parameter from each level of measurement useful in your practice.

  15. Exercises • Identify the level of measurement used in the journal articles chosen • Discuss the appropriateness of that measure • Suggest an alternative Level of Measurement

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