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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. The Third Date ;). DON’T FREAK OUT. What do we know that we need to know?. types and location of endocrine glands including pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System The Third Date ;)

  2. DON’T FREAK OUT

  3. What do we know that we need to know? • types and location of endocrine glandsincluding pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads • relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary • production site, target organ and effect of hormones associated with the specified glands • feedback loops involving endocrine activity • hormonal modes of action.

  4. Types Glands in the Body • Exocrine glands secrete into a duct that carries the secretion to the body surface or to one of the body cavities. Sweat glands, mucous glands, salivary glands and the glands of the alimentary canal are examples of exocrine glands. • Endocrineglands secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cells making up the gland. The secretion then usually passes into the capillaries to be transported by the blood. Endocrine glands are sometimes called ductless glands.

  5. Location of endocrine glands

  6. Pituitary and Hypothalamus sitting in the tree…. Hypothalamus- base of brain Pituitary- just under Hypothalamus Joined by the INFUNDIBULUM

  7. Pituitary/ Hypothalamus Communication • The hypothalamus produces many different hormones. • Some of them are carried by the blood to the anterior lobe of the pituitary where they stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones made in the anterior lobe. • Other hormones pass along the nerve fibresfrom the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary where they are then secreted.

  8. Structure of Pituitary ANTERIOR- glandular tissue POSTERIOR- nervous tissue

  9. Anterior Pituitary • Hormone secretion regulated by releasing and inhibiting factors from hypothalamus • FSH • LH • GH • TSH • ACTH • Prolactin

  10. ROAD BLOCK • CREATE AN ANAGRAM TO HELP YOU REMEMBER THE ANTERIOR HORMONES!! • Eg. A Fishing Line Gets Thrown After Pinkies • Or A Good Friend Lets People Talk After • Or just learn one of these 

  11. FSH • Female- acts on ovaries to stimulate the follicle that contains the egg • Male- stimulates production and maturation of sperm in the testes

  12. LH • Female- Works with FSH to bring about ovulation and form corpus luteum. (ovaries and uterus) • Male- LH stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to secrete male sex hormones

  13. GH • Stimulates body growth particularly growth of the skeleton. • It increases the rate at which amino acids are taken up by cells and built into proteins. • GH is secreted throughout life as it helps to maintain the size of organs once maturity is reached

  14. TSH • Stimulates production and release of hormones from the thyroid gland

  15. ACTH • controls production and release of some of the hormones from the cortex of the adrenal gland

  16. Prolactin • works with other hormones to initiate and maintain milk secretion in females (mammary glands)

  17. POSTERIOR PITUITARY • releases the hormones oxytocinand antidiuretichormone • neither is manufactured in the posteriorlobe. Both hormones are produced in special nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain. • These cells have long extensions that pass through the infundibulum to the posterior lobe. • Hormones manufactured in the cells move down the extensions and are stored ready for release into the bloodstream. The release of the hormones is triggered by nerve impulses initiated in the hypothalamus and conducted along the cell extensions

  18. OXYTOXIN • Stimulates contraction of the muscles of the uterus. It • Is released in large quantities during labour. • Oxytocinalso stimulates contraction ofcells in the mammary glands, resulting in release of milk during breastfeeding

  19. ADH • causes the kidneys to remove water from urine that is forming. This water is returned to the bloodstream. • In this way, ADH helps to retain fluid within the body. • At higher concentrations, ADH can also cause constriction of small arteries, the arterioles.

  20. THYROID

  21. THYROID • Thyroxine • controls body metabolism by regulating reactions in which complex molecules are broken down to release energy and in which complex molecules are synthesised from simple ones. • The overall effect of thyroxine is to bring about the release of energy and, since some of the energy released is in the form of heat, to maintain body temperature. • Thyroxine is secreted in response to thyroid stimulating hormone from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

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