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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. Population Concept. Ecosystem Concept. Example of ecosystem. Cycling and Energy flow. Inter-relationship. Succession. Population Concept. Factor affecting population growth Growth curve Survivorshio curves Age pyramids. Factors affect population. Birth rate (natality)

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY Population Concept Ecosystem Concept Example of ecosystem Cycling and Energy flow Inter-relationship Succession

  2. Population Concept • Factor affecting population growth • Growth curve • Survivorshio curves • Age pyramids

  3. Factors affect population • Birth rate (natality) • Death rate (mortality) • Time to reach sexual maturity • Number of individual now • Life span • Migration • Competition • Predation • Physical factor

  4. Population Population Time Time Growth Curve • S-shaped curve • J-shaped curve

  5. Population Time S-shaped Curve Stationary Log Lag

  6. Population Time J- shaped Curve (algae) Nutrient Used up Nutrient added

  7. Population Life span Survivorship Curve Man, large animal Most animal, plant Fish, crab

  8. Age pyramids

  9. Growth of human population • Medical technology • Agricultural technology • Less natural disaster • Insufficient birth control

  10. Control of population • Legistration • Education • Medical method • Physical Barrier • Contraceptive pill • operation

  11. Related Web site • Ecology: Populations — Growth, range, density, hyperlinks http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/BioBookpopecol.html

  12. Ecosystem Concept Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Niche Biome Biosphere

  13. Habitat

  14. Population

  15. Community

  16. Ecosystem

  17. Other Niche = Role of that organism Each organism has specific niche. No two organisms have same niche. Biome = abiotic + biotic factors + Climate Biosphere= all in the earth

  18. Related Web site Biomes— Menus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/index.html Biomes: World I — 12 biomes outlined http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/biome1.htm Biomes: World II — 11 biomes hyperlinked http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/main.html

  19. ExampleRocky shore

  20. Tertiary consumer 4th trophic Food chain Secondary consumer 3rd trophic Primary consumer 2nd trophic Producer 1st trophic

  21. Food Web Food Chain

  22. Number pyramids Tree grass

  23. Respiration Death, excrete Respiration Death, excrete Respiration Death, excrete Respiration Death Energy flow 3rd consumer Decomposers 2nd consumer 1st consumer (herbivores) Producer (green plant) Sun

  24. Most energy lost

  25. Water cycle

  26. Carbon cycle

  27. Nitrogen cycle Animation

  28. Nitrogen fixing

  29. Related Web site Cycles, Chains, Webs Biogeochemical Cycles— Carbon, nitrogen, water http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/bcycles.htm Food Chains, Webs, Cycles http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#Energyflowthroughtheecosystem3 Food Pyramidshttp://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/9o.html

  30. Interdependence of organisms • Predation • Competition • Commensalism • Mutualism • Parasitism

  31. Predation prey number predator Time

  32. Competition Competitor A number Competitor B Time

  33. Commensalism Host number Commensal Time

  34. Mutualism symbionts number Symbionts Time

  35. Parasitism Host number Parasite Time

  36. Related Web site Competitive exclusion principle — Competition between species (Gauss) http://www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/inter.html Preditor/Prey: Didinium, Paramecium http://www.hi.is/pub/haxi/ritgerdir/pop-ec.htm Symbiosis I — types and discussionhttp://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm Symbioses II — types and discussionhttp://www.baylorhealth.com/proceedings/13_3/13_3_dimijian.htm

  37. Succession Ecological succession is process by which communities in the ecosystem change with time. For forest succession: Lichen community Algae and mosses Herbs Shrubs Trees

  38. Lichen community

  39. Algae and mosses

  40. Herb community

  41. Shrubs community

  42. Tree (Climax)

  43. Fire succession

  44. Related Web site Succession: Ecological I — Well done! Info and illustrationshttp://library.thinkquest.org/17456/successionall.html Succession: Ecological II — Forest Cycle http://www.connix.com/~harry/forest.htm

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