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Joos, Plattner, Stocker, Körtzinger, and Wallace (2003). EOS 84 , 197-204.

WP10. The motivation. Joos, Plattner, Stocker, Körtzinger, and Wallace (2003). EOS 84 , 197-204. WP10. The technological situation. Electrochemical sensor (Seabird SBE 43/IDO). Optode sensor (Aanderaa 3830). Principle : Clark-type polarographic membrane sensor. Principle :

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Joos, Plattner, Stocker, Körtzinger, and Wallace (2003). EOS 84 , 197-204.

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  1. WP10 The motivation Joos, Plattner, Stocker, Körtzinger, and Wallace (2003). EOS84, 197-204.

  2. WP10 The technological situation Electrochemical sensor (Seabird SBE 43/IDO) Optode sensor (Aanderaa 3830) Principle: Clark-type polarographic membrane sensor Principle: Life time based dynamic fluorescence quenching Measurement range: 0-120% of surface saturation (0-500 µM) Precision: <1 µM (0.4%) Initial accuracy: 8 µM or 5% (whichever is greater) Response time: 25 s (e-folding time) Measurement range: 120% of surface saturation Initial accuracy: 2% of saturation Response time: 6 s (e-folding time) UW floats (S. Riser)

  3. WP10 The technological situation Körtzinger et al. (2005). High-quality oxygen measurements from profiling floats: A promising new technique. J. Atm. Ocean. Techn.22, 302-308. Drift check possible through air measurements O2 = 295.0 ± 0.7 µmol/L High long-term stability Tengberg, Körtzinger et al. (2006). Evaluation of a life time based optode to measure oxygen in aquatic systems. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods4, 7-17.

  4. quasi-stationary float WP10 The science showcase Körtzinger et al. (2004). The ocean takes a deep breath. Science,306, 1337.

  5. WP10 The technological development PROVOR-DO PROVOR-CarboOcean PIC sensor • November 2006: Delivery of 2 prototype floats from MARTEC company • Nov./Dec. 2006: Testing of floats (vibration, tank, basin) at IFREMER • February 2007: Deployment during R/V Poseidon Cruise 348 by IFM-GEOMAR north of the Cape Verde archipelago • February 2008: field study with deployment of 4 floats (all still active in Oct. 2009) • March 2007: Delivery of prototype 2 floats from MARTEC company • Spring 2007: Testing of floats (vibration, tank, basin) at IFREMER • Spring/summer 2007: Sea trials of floats • February 2009: field study with deployment of 2 floats (77 and 90 profiles, resp.) Oxygen sensor Oxygen sensor

  6. WP10 The field experiment  Final proof-of-concept field experiment using 6 newly developed oxygen floats is successfully running since Feb. 2008 • All four PROVOR CTS3 DO float still active after 73-83 profiles • PROVCARBON float stopped after 77 and 90 profiles, resp. • Evaluation of field experiment data ongoing PROVCARBON PROVOR CTS3 DO

  7. WP10 The scientific potential of an ARGO O2 observatory • Example: 90 profiles by float WMO #6900632 showing upwelling dynamics off Mauritania Sub-surface respiration of organic matter produced in upwelled waters active coastal upwelling of low-oxygen waters Oxygen time-series

  8. WP10 The scientific potential of an ARGO O2 observatory Estimation of the wind speed dependence of the gas transfer coefficient (k660) from three years of data in the Labrador Sea convection region Kihm and Körtzinger, in prep.

  9. WP10 The scientific potential of an ARGO O2 observatory 2003 2004 2005 Estimation of sub-surface oxygen utilization rates from three years of data in the Labrador Sea convection region Kihm and Körtzinger, in prep.

  10. WP10 The emerging global picture of O2 trends Keeling, Körtzinger, and Gruber (2010). Ocean deoxygenation in a warming World. Annual Review of Marine Science.2, in press.

  11. The latest OMZ trends ...

  12. Introduction Methods Results Caveats/closing thoughts The present ocean The future ocean Long-term changes Model vs. observations: A16N Johnson et al. (2007) • Simulated and observed decadal variability are of similar order • Internal variability of a specific year is up to 20 μmol/kg • Observed O2-decrease from 1993 and 2003 is 30 μmol/kg • Simulated internal varia- bility is up to 45 μmol/kg • Impact of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption is negligible Frölicher et al. (2009, GBC)

  13. Introduction Methods Results Caveats/closing thoughts The present ocean The future ocean Long-term changes Regional maximum O2 decrease/increase • Large local O2-decrease in thermocline of the North Pacific and the Southern Ocean (due to reduced air-sea gas exchange and reduced ventilation, partly compensated by biological processes) • O2-decrease in deep North Atlantic (more efficient PO4 utilization due to lower ventilation) • O2-increase in tropical thermocline (large decrea- se in export production, possibly reduction in water mass ages) Depth Depth Frölicher et al. (2009, GBC)

  14. Introduction Methods Results Caveats/closing thoughts The present ocean The future ocean Long-term changes Global decrease in dissolved oxygen • Total O2 content is projected to decrease by 5.9 Pmol (2.6%) by year 2100. • Solubility-driven changes are responsible for at least 50% of the total decrease. • Additional O2 loss resulting from change in ocean circulation and biology solubility-driven stratficiation Frölicher et al. (2009, GBC)

  15. WP10 The BGC community is starting to embrace ARGO Johnson, K.S., W.M. Berelson, E.S. Boss, Z. Chase, H. Claustre, S.R. Emerson, N. Gruber, A. Körtzinger, M.J. Perry, and S.C. Riser (2009). Observing biogeochemical cycles at global scales with profiling floats and gliders: prospects for a global array, Oceanography, 22, 217-225.

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