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Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL

Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL. http://www.lbl.gov/abc/. The Four Elements. Earth. Air. Fire. Water. The Beginning of Nuclear Science. Scientists in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s made discoveries which would change the course of science and medicine.

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Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL

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  1. Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL http://www.lbl.gov/abc/

  2. The Four Elements Earth Air Fire Water

  3. The Beginning of Nuclear Science Scientists in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s made discoveries which would change the course of science and medicine. Henri Becquerel Marie and Pierre Curie

  4. Atomic and Nuclear Stucture • Atom - smallest unit of a chemical element • Size on the order of 10-8 cm (1 Angstrom) • Contains Z electrons (Qe = -1e, me = 0.511 MeV/c2) • e = 1.602x10-19 Coulomb • and • Nucleus – • Size on the order of 10-13 cm (1 Fermi ) • Contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom • Made of Z protons and N neutrons • Proton (Qp = +1e, mp = 938.28 MeV/c2 ) • Neutron (Qn = 0, mn = 939.57 MeV/c2 ) • A = Atomic mass = Z + N • Held together by strong nuclear force ZXN where X = chemical symbol A

  5. Structure of the Nucleus

  6. Radioactivity Ernest Rutherford determined there were 3 kinds of radioactivity

  7. Nuclear Reactions

  8. A Bit of Special Relativity E = mc2  m = E/c2 Typical nuclear energies are on the order of millions of electron volts (MeV) 1 eV = 1.602x10 -19 joule Albert Einstein

  9. Relativistic Collisions (RHIC) Medium Energy (JLAB) Low Energy (small accelerators) Nuclear Astrophysics (small accelerators, FRIB)

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