1. Minority Groups in British North America Aboriginals Black Loyalists, Freed Slaves Acadians French (East Canada) Immigrants Page 82-89 in your textbook.

2. Note Taking Skills • Important Details • HINT: Titles of slides, sections of your textbook. • Page numbers: “Where in the Textbook?” • Fishbone Notes: Group details

3. Perspectives Every group had a different experience in British North America in the mid 1800s. Some experienced discrimination, limiting their empowerment. Elite: Privileged, with much empowerment.

4. Elite in British North America, page 82 • Mostly English speaking MEN. • Political Empowered: Who can vote? • MEN • Some women voted in East Canada. • Land owners. • Voted Orally: need courage to vote orally in a group setting.  Some voting sessions ended in riots.

5. Elite: Economically Empowered • English speaking men and some women • Owned land – sold it when it became valuable. • Access to Formal Education. • Long established trades and professions. Expensive clothing is a symbol of wealth

6. Aboriginal Political Empowerment page 86. • Have their own political structure within their communities: Tribal councils.  Could not vote. • 1800s: Many travelled – searching for and transporting furs to trade. • Biggest trading partner: Hudson Bay Company (HBC) Were Aboriginals politically empowered?

7. Economic Empowerment: Aboriginals Depend on HBC Were the Aboriginals Economically Empowered?

8. Textbook p. 87Many native groups travelled to hunt and trade furs.

9. Trading Post: Native and Europeans trade goods (furs and weapons). Posts: small buildings located along known travelled paths.

10. Aboriginals continued Lost Lands and Some of their Traditions  Pushed off their traditional lands.  Lands given to settlers – cities, farms, HBC.  Placed on Reserves Disease decreased the population  Contact with Europeans.  No immunity to diseases - epidemics.  Some do not have cures – small pox.

11. Black Loyalists and Freed Slaves page 88 – 89. • Slaves in Canada before 1836 – trade, domestic slaves.  Slavery illegal in British Empire in 1834. • Runaway slaves from USA. • Underground Railroad 1840-1860s. • About 30 000 people • Museum

12. Flow Chart of a Freed Slave’s Journey, 1830s – 1860s

13. Black Loyalists Why come to BNA? America Revolution 1776-1783, War of 1812. Where did most Loyalists settle? New Brunswick, Province of Canada, PEI and in Nova Scotia - Hammonds Plains - Cherry Brook – Black Cultural Centre of Nova Scotia

14. Black Loyalists: Prejudice • Lands they received were “leftovers” from European settlers. • Not slaves but not considered equal to European settlers.   Promises made by British broken • Promised tools, food, land and even money which few people received or was taken away.

15. Acadians: Rural Life page 85 French Speaking farmers and fishers. Expulsion from Nova Scotia, 1755 – 1763. Why? Tensions between France and England in Europe. French settlers seen as a threat. Where to go? • Some to other parts of USA and British North America.

16. Acadians: Some returned in 1763 • Their old land was lost – given to British Settlers. • Started over – built new farming and fishing communities. Song: The Band “Acadian Driftwood” 1975

17. French in East Canada page 84 • Originally a French colony • British conquered it 1763. • Habitants – wealthy farmers, strong communities. • Given specials rights to preserve their language and culture (Roman Catholic faith). • Many immigrants to cities – threat of losing their culture.

18. Immigrants Faced Prejudice page 83 • Language – could be barrier, a source of discrimination. • Culture and religion – Roman Catholics, Protestants, Jewish. • Job opportunities – may not be promoted or given higher paying jobs.

19. Flow Chart of an Immigrant’s Narrative, late 1800s. Page 83.

20. Review Your Notes: RSS 9 • British Elite, page 82. • Native, page 86-87. • Black Loyalists, page 88-89. • Acadians, page 85. • French in Canada East, page 84. • Newer immigrants, page 83.