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(1) SLAVERY MORAL ISSUE NORTH – UNCLE TOM’S CABIN SOUTH – CANNIBALS ALL

MAJOR ISSUES LEADING TO DISUNION. (1) SLAVERY MORAL ISSUE NORTH – UNCLE TOM’S CABIN SOUTH – CANNIBALS ALL ECONOMIC ISSUE POLITICAL ISSUE (2) NATIONAL GOVERNMENT vs. STATES RIGHTS (3) INDUSTRIAL NORTH vs. AGRICULTURAL SOUTH (4) EXTREMISM .

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(1) SLAVERY MORAL ISSUE NORTH – UNCLE TOM’S CABIN SOUTH – CANNIBALS ALL

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  1. MAJOR ISSUES LEADING TO DISUNION (1) SLAVERY MORAL ISSUE NORTH – UNCLE TOM’S CABIN SOUTH – CANNIBALS ALL ECONOMIC ISSUE POLITICAL ISSUE (2) NATIONAL GOVERNMENT vs. STATES RIGHTS (3) INDUSTRIAL NORTH vs. AGRICULTURAL SOUTH • (4) EXTREMISM

  2. LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR EXPANSION OF U.S. TERRITORIES WILMOT PROVISO • 1846 DAVID WILMOT MAKES AN ADDITION TO • A BILL FOR MONEY TO THE MEXICAN WAR - FORBIDS SLAVERY IN ANY NEW TERRITORY GAINED FROM MEXICO - WANTED TO PRESERVE THE WEST FOR “THE SONS OF TOIL OF MY RACE AND COLOR” - FAILED TWICE IN THE SENATE

  3. FREE SOIL MOVEMENT • NORTHERN DEMOCRATS AND WHIGS • CALLED FOR GOVERNMENT LAND GRANTS • TO WHITE SETTLERS • GOVERNMENT FUNDED INTERNAL • IMPROVEMENTS • WEST FOR WHITE SETTLERS SOUTHERN VIEW • VIEW OF SLAVES AS PROPERTY • CONSTITUTION ALLOWS FOR PROPERTY • TO BE TAKEN ANYWHERE

  4. ELECTION OF 1848 WHIGS – ZACHARY TAYLOR DEMOCRATS – LEWIS CASS FREE SOIL PARTY – MARTIN VAN BUREN TAYLOR WINS ELECTION - ANGERS MANY WITH HIS MODERATE VIEWS - DIES IN OFFICE AFTER 16 MONTHS - VICE-PRESIDENT MILLARD FILLMORE BECOMES PRESIDENT - LAST WHIG PRESIDENT

  5. ADDITION OF NEW STATES • NEW TERRITORIES APPLY FOR STATEHOOD • NORTH AND SOUTH FORCED TO ADDRESS • ISSUE • DEBATE ENSUES IN CONGRESS OVER ISSUE OF SLAVERY

  6. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • 1849 – CALIFORNIA CREATES CONSTITUTION (BANS SLAVERY) • APPLIES FOR STATEHOOD AS FREE STATE • TAYLOR SUPPORTS ADMISSION • SOUTHERN STATES MEET IN NASHVILLE • DISCUSSIONS OF SECESSION

  7. HENRY CLAY’S COMPROMISE • CALIFORNIA = FREE STATE • MEXICAN CESSION (UTAH + MEXICO) = • STATEHOOD BASED ON POPULAR • SOVEREIGNTY • $10 MILLION TO TEXAS – TEXAS GIVES UP • NORTHERN LAND TO NEW STATES • SLAVE TRADE BANNED IN WASHINGTON D.C. • FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT PASSED

  8. CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES HENRY CLAY – KENTUCKY PROPOSED COMPROMISE OF 1850 AIDED BY STEPHAN DOUGLAS OF ILLINOIS JOHN C. CALHOUN – SOUTH CAROLINA “CHAMPION OF THE SOUTH” ARGUED FOR STATES’ RIGHTS - NULLIFICATION/SECESSION DISUNION MIGHT BE THE ANSWER

  9. DANIEL WEBSTER – MASSACHUSETTS COMPROMISE NEEDED TO SAVE THE UNION - NEED TO CONCEDE TO SOME SOUTHERN DEMANDS - POSITION ALIENATED NORTHERN SUPPORTERS WILLIAM H. SEWARD – NEW YORK ABOLITIONIST BELIEFS - SLAVERY IS MORALLY WRONG AND MUST BE ABOLISHED

  10. ELECTION OF 1852 - WHIGS – WINFIELD SCOTT - DEMOCRATS - FRANKLIN PIERCE (NEW HAMPSHIRE) PIERCE WINS –WHIG PARTY DIES OUT

  11. KANSAS – NEBRASKA ACT (1854) • PROPOSED BY STEPHEN DOUGLAS • CALLED FOR CREATION OF KANSAS AND • NEBRASKA TERRITORIES • POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY USED TO DECIDE • SLAVERY IN ALL NEW TERRITORIES

  12. STEPHEN DOUGLAS’ MOTIVES • TO GAIN SOUTHERN SUPPORT FOR TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD WITH MAJOR CENTER IN CHICAGO • WANTED SOUTHERN SUPPORT FOR FUTURE • PRESIDENTIAL BID • ALIENATED NORTHERN SUPPORTERS

  13. ELECTION OF 1856 NEW POLITICAL PARTIES FORMED KNOW NOTHING PARTY (AMERICAN PARTY) - RESPONSE TO GROWING IMMIGRATION IN NORTH - BELIEVED IN RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION AND LIMITS ON NON-AMERICAN BORN CITIZENS RIGHTS

  14. REPUBLICAN PARTY • FOUNDED IN 1854 AS A REACTION TO THE • KANSAS - NEBRASKA ACT • MADE UP OF FREE-SOILERS AND ANTI-SLAVERY • WHIGS AND DEMOCRATS • CONSIDERED A NORTHERN (SECTIONAL) PARTY

  15. DEMOCRATS – JAMES BUCHANAN • SUPPORTED COMPROMISE OF 1850 AND • KANSAS – NEBRASKA ACT REPUBLICANS - JOHN C. FREMONT (SENATOR FROM CALIFORNIA) • MEXICAN WAR HERO • CALLED FOR NO SLAVERY IN TERRITORIES • PRO-BUSINESS KNOW-NOTHINGS • MILLARD FILLMORE (FORMER WHIG PRESIDENT- 1850)

  16. BUCHANAN WINS – REPUBLICANS TAKE 11 OF 16 NORTHERN STATES (CONTROL MANY ELECTORAL VOTES) SOUTH FEARS POTENTIAL OF REPUBLICAN PARTY IN FUTURE ELECTIONS

  17. SHORT TERM CAUSES BLEEDING KANSAS • KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT • - CALLED FOR POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY TO • DECIDE SLAVERY ISSUE IN TERRITORIES • SUPPORTERS OF PRO- AND ANTI- SLAVERY • GROUPS LOOK TO CONTROL VOTES • - EMIGRANT AID COMPANY • - SENT FREE-SOILERS TO SETTLE IN KANSAS • - SOUTHERN “HOMESTEADERS” MOVE FROM • MISSOURI TO KANSAS

  18. CAPITALS SET UP BY BOTH PRO-SLAVERY AND ANTI-SLAVERY GROUPS - TOPEKA – ANTI-SLAVERY CAPITAL - LECOMPTON – PROSLAVERY CAPITAL 1856 VIOLENCE BREAKS OUT - PRO-SLAVERY LOOTERS ATTACK LAWRENCE, KANSAS - DESTROY OFFICES AND HOMES - KILL TWO MEN

  19. - JOHN BROWN - CLAIMED HE WAS CALLED BY GOD TO END SLAVERY - LED A PARTY TO REVENGE LAWRENCE ATTACKS - KILLS FIVE MEN (WHILE THEIR FAMILIES WERE FORCED TO WATCH) - BOTH SIDES CONTINUED VIOLENCE IN KANSAS - NATIONAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT GET INVOLVED

  20. LECOMPTON CONSTITUTION • KANSAS WAS PREPARING TO APPLY FOR • STATEHOOD (CONSTITUTION NEEDED) • 1857 PRO-SLAVERY GROUP WRITES A • CONSTITUTION • - ANTI-SLAVERY SUPPORTERS REFUSE TO • VOTE FOR THIS CONSTITUTION • PRESIDENT BUCHANAN ATTEMPTS TO PUSH • CONSTITUTION THROUGH CONGRESS • SENATE REJECTS CONSTITUTION CLAIMING • THEY DID NOT USE POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • NEW VOTE IN KANSAS REJECTS CONSTITUTION

  21. BLEEDING SUMNER • MAY 19TH AND 20TH SENATOR CHARLES • SUMNER(MASSACHUSETTS) GIVES SPEECH • TO CONGRESS (“THE CRIME AGAINST • KANSAS”) • - SPEAKS OUT AGAINST SOUTH • - MAKES SPECIFIC INSULTS TO ANDREW • BUTLER (SENATOR FROM SOUTH • CAROLINA) • CONGRESSMAN PRESTON BROOKS (NEPHEW • OF BUTLER) ENTERS SUMNER’S OFFICE AND • BEATS HIM WITH A CANE

  22. SOUTHERN REACTION EXTREMELY POSITIVE TO BROOKS - “HIT HIM AGAIN” NORTH OUTRAGED BY BOTH THE ACT OF VIOLENCE AND REACTION OF THE SOUTH

  23. DRED SCOTT DECISION (SCOTT V. SANDFORD) MARCH 1857 BACKGROUND DRED SCOTT (SLAVE) WAS MOVED BY HIS OWNER TO NORTHERN TERRITORY (WISCONSIN) SUES FOR HIS FREEDOM CLAIMING THAT HE AND HIS FAMILY ARE FREE BECAUSE OF TIME SPENT IN FREE TERRITORY

  24. DECISION SUPREME COURT RULES AGAINST SCOTT IMPACT • AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE NOT U.S. CITIZENS • AND CANNOT SUE IN COURT • CONGRESS CAN NOT DENY PROPERTY • (SLAVES) FROM BEING MOVED TO ANY • TERRITORY • MISSOURI COMPROMISE WAS • UNCONSTITUTIONAL

  25. JOHN BROWN’S RAID BROWN ATTEMPTS TO LEAD SLAVE REVOLT - ATTACKS FEDERAL ARSENAL IN HARPER’S FERRY, VA - U.S. TROOPS LED BY ROBERT E. LEE CAPTURE BROWN - BROWN HUNG FOR TREASON - NORTH MOURNS HIS DEATH - SOUTH DISGUSTED WITH NORTHERN REACTION AND SOME BELIEVE THAT NORTHERN ABOLITIONIST FUNDED BROWN’S PLANS

  26. ELECTION OF 1860 DEMOCRATIC PARTY IS SPLIT BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH NORTH – STEPHAN DOUGLAS (POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY) SOUTH – JOHN BRECKINRIDGE (SLAVERY IN ALL TERRITORIES) REPUBLICANS – ABRAHAM LINCOLN (MODERATE REPUBLICAN) (LINCOLN’S NAME NOT EVEN ON MANY SOUTHERN BALLOTS) BORDER STATES – JOHN BELL (MODERATE SOUTHERNER)

  27. RESULTS: LINCOLN – 39% OF POPULAR VOTE 180 ELECTORAL VOTES NO VOTES FROM SOUTHERN STATES SOUTH OUTRAGED BY ELECTION - CLAIMED THEY HAD LOST ALL POWER IN U.S. GOVERNMENT - SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDES DEC. 20, 1860 - CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA FORMED - TEXAS, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, ALABAMA, GEORGIA, FLORIDA

  28. APRIL 1861 – FORT SUMTER IS ATTACKED BY SOUTH - LINCOLN CALLS FOR VOLUNTEERS FOR WAR - UPPER SOUTH SECEDES - VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, ARKANSAS

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