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STAT 1301

STAT 1301. Confidence Intervals for Averages. Realistic Situation. we usually DON’T KNOW the population AVG we take simple random sample of size n find sample AVG - this is our “best guess” at pop. AVG - “sample statistic”

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STAT 1301

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  1. STAT 1301 Confidence Intervals for Averages

  2. Realistic Situation • we usually DON’T KNOWthe population AVG • we take simple random sample of size n • find sample AVG - this is our “best guess” at pop. AVG - “sample statistic” QUESTION: How far is pop. AVG likely to be from sample AVG ?

  3. Example: Consumer reporter wants to know average price of unleaded gasoline in Texas on a certain day. • Huge population, can’t get exact average • Take SRS of 100 stations. • Results of sample: AVG(sample) = $2.15 SD(sample) = $0.08 • So, we estimate the average price for all stations in Texas to be about $2.15. How close is this likely to be to the true Texas average ?

  4. SE(X) measures this • What’s the problem here? • SE(X) depends on population SD • we don’t know population SD • How could you approximate the population SD? • use sample SD

  5. ????? 10 draws with replacement 1, 4, 6, 0, 6, 6, 4, 6, 1, 6

  6. Confidence Intervals • Recall -- If population AVG is known, then the chance that a sample AVG will fall within 2 SE’s of the population AVG is about 95% • Turned Around -- If we know the sample AVG, then the population AVG should be within 2 SE’s of this sample AVG about 95% of the time (use “approximate SE”) 95% Confidence Interval for Population AVG X 2 SE(X)

  7. Consumer reporter – wants to estimate the average price of regular unleaded gasoline in Texas on a certain day. Sample: 100 stations --- AVG = $2.15 --- SD =$0.08 Find a 95% confidence interval for the average for all stations in Texas on that day. Find the corresponding 99.7% CI.

  8. 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20

  9. Interpetation of 95% Confidence Interval Suppose 100 consumer reporters - each took own sample - each computed a 95% CI IF (for example) the true AVG price is $1.86 - we could expect about 95 of these 100 CI’s to contain$ 1.86

  10. Note: • For a given sample size n, • if you want higher confidence level, this requires a longer interval

  11. General Confidence Intervals X z x SE(X) where z = 1 for 68% CI z = 2 for 95% CI z = 3 for 99.7% CI

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