Can you name the parts of a Big Mac?

2. Can you name the partsof a Big Mac?

3. Advertising has proven that people can learn somethingin under 30 secondswith only partial attention.

4. Mobile Learning =Short messages “just in time”Just like advertising, mobile learning involves short messages delivered when they will be most effective.

5. The Theory

6. Behaviorism Our current educational system has been built on the beliefs of Behaviorism. In Behaviorism, the teacher is the expert and the student is an empty vessel.

7. The instruction is poured into the student through books, lectures and exercises until the student has a change in behavior - such as correctly solving a math problem. Once a change in behavior is seen, learning is believed to have taken place.

8. Behaviorism and Mobile • Access to Information • Access to Experts Behaviorism and Mobile Learning have rather a forced relationship, but the mobile devise could still be used as an information source that can fit in a pocket or as a convenient way to contact an expert or have an expert contact you.

9. Constructivism At the same time that Behaviorist theories were gaining in popularity, another group of psychologists were discussing an alternative theory - Constructivism. Today, constructivism is gaining in popularity.

10. Knowledge is a constructed entity made by each and every learner through a learning process. • Knowledge can not be transmitted from one person to the other, it will have to be reconstructed by each person.

11. This means that learning is much more focused on experimentation and social interaction. The teacher is seen as a facilitator rather than the knowledge holder.

12. Constructivism and Mobile As you may have guessed, Mobile Learning resonates much better with theories that fall under Constructivism. Let’s take a look at some theories that support Mobile Learning.

13. Situated Learning Situated Learning says that you will learn things better if you learn them in the same environment where you will use that information. In other words, on the job training is better than learning in a classroom and then returning to the office to use the new information. Situated Learning also emphasizes social interaction and collaboration.

14. Social Learning Theory The Social Learning Theory says that we learn best from interacting with other people. By participating in a project with other people, I will not only learn the information but will better understand it because I will have seen and heard other’s reactions and understanding of it.

15. Informal Learning Theory The Informal Learning Theory says that most of what we learn happens outside of a classroom. It is hard to argue when most of us realize that our education really didn’t teach us half of what we needed to know to succeed on the job.

16. Some examples of informal learning are: • Instant messaging • Phone call to someone who has information you need • Chance meeting by the water cooler • A tech walking you through a repair process

17. Connectivism Connectivism is a theory that has surfaced during the digital age. It states that the connections that enable us to learn more are more important than our current state of knowing. There has been a great shift in recent years. With the creation of the Internet and the great speed in which new information is being discovered and documented, knowing how to find information is becoming more important than knowing the information.

18. Mobile Growth • The total number of mobile subscribers worldwide is set to cross the magic3 billion mark in late 2007. • There are well over 200 million mobile devices in use in the U.S. today. • More people have access to mobile devices than a desktop computer.

19. The Theory of Mobile Learning sounds pretty promising. Now let’s look at the Reality. Theory Reality

20. Suddenly the Reality of designing for Mobiledoes not look so sunny. Reality Reality

21. How do you even begin to design for mobile?

22. New Software Dilemma When a new version of your favorite software comes out, it is usually easy to open up the package and begin to use it – exactly as you had been using the last software. But it is difficult to incorporate its new features and even more difficult to examine how the new tools could improve what you have been creating. Mobile delivery is a new tool and you need to be encouraged to use it differently than the tools you have been using.

23. A Mobile Device is not justa pocket-sized PC • Content suitable for a PC or laptop may not be right for a Mobile Device. • PCs are standardized with keyboard, mouse and common resolution • Side navigation and landscape design on PC compared to list navigation and portrait design on Mobile

24. STEP ONE:Know your audience Advertising spends a lot of time and money on this concept. They take the time to understand the likes, dislikes, interest and motivation of their target market. That is the key to their ability to sell anything to anyone. The actual product’s features are not as important as finding out who the audience is. I believe all instructional material, and especially mobile learning, would benefit greatly from focusing more on understanding the learner’s needs and motivation.

25. What is the mostcommon mobile deviceused by your audience?

26. Feature Phone • Most common • 12-key layout • Voice, messaging and data capabilities • Most feature phones in past 3 years have digital cameras and media players

27. PDA • Primarily oriented towards organizational tasks rather than voice communications • Full keyboard and/or stylus rather than 12-key layout • Larger screen that can switch between portrait and landscape • Use a full operating system

28. Smart phones • Ability to run additionalthird-party applications • Slightly larger screens • Full Operating System

30. Where is your audiencemost likely to accessyour content or training?

31. Noisy factoryin the middle of a repair?

32. During an important meeting?

33. While traveling?

34. Over morning coffee?

35. Think about how much attention your audience will be able to give your training. • Consider how able your audience will be to navigate through the module.

36. STEP TWO:Decide What Contentis Most Important

37. What information doesmy audience needwhile they are mobile? This is the most important question in the entire process. This does not mean that you must ONLY provide access to the condensed mobile information. Someone may have a need or desire to read a longer document while they are away from the office and a link to longer content could be a lifesaver.

38. Content Guidelines • Become a Personof Few Words • Keep Concepts Simple • Action Items

39. Simple Solutions Require Complex Thinking! It is a common misconception that a smaller screen means less development time. The reality is that the process of straining out only the necessary information and presenting it in a way that means something to the viewer is often more difficult and takes longer.

40. Text • 500 words to 250 words to 100 words • Glance, Scan or Read?

41. Graphics • Are graphics really needed?

42. STEP THREE:Plan Your Design

43. Here is a diagram of the most common screen sizes on mobile devices. You can see that some are vertical, some horizontal and some are even square. This makes designing mobile content a challenge. Add to this the fact that there are still hundreds of different mobile browsers and the fact that some mobile devices have full keyboards, some have only a12-keypad and others offer a stylus or touch screens and you begin to understand how differently your content could work on each device.

44. Pick a Strategy

45. Target a Specific Device • Design to the Least Common Denominator of Mobile Devices • Create an Adaptive Design • Consider Class-based Designs

46. Text • Ten lines of seven wordsis standard length.

47. Graphics • Bitmap or Jpeg • Minimize detail • Limit Colors

48. Exaggerate Details • Subtlety does not work on Mobile

49. How will your audiencemost likely navigatethrough your site?

50. List vs. Landscape • Small screens do not allow room for side navigation • Use hyperlinks • Include navigation at the bottom of each page • No more than 10 linkson one page