1 / 24

 Review of Chapter 4

 Review of Chapter 4. Start the router simulator. You will see the prompt " Router> ". This is the user mode prompt. Change the name of the router to Router1. Set the enable password to “en123”. Set the secret password to “secret123”. Try the passwords.

lkatherine
Télécharger la présentation

 Review of Chapter 4

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Review of Chapter 4 • Start the router simulator. You will see the prompt "Router>". This is the user mode prompt.Change the name of the router to Router1. • Set the enable password to “en123”. • Set the secret password to “secret123”. • Try the passwords. • Set virtual terminal password to “vty123” for the virtual terminal 0-4 Router1#config terminal Router1(config)#line vty 0 4 Router1(config-line)#login Router1(config-line)#password vty123 Router1(config-line)#exit • Set console 0 password to “con123” Router1(config-line)#line console 0 • Now remove the passwords Router1(config)#no enable password en123

  2. Assign IP address for the Ethernet 0 interface. • Assign IP address for the Serial 0 interface. • Set the bandwidth of the Serial 0 interface to 56Kps. Router1(config-if)#bandwidth 56 • Set the bandwidth of the Serial 0 interface to 56Kps. Router1(config-if)#clock rate 56000 • Type “exit” to leave the serial interface and type “ctrl-z” to leave configuration mode. • Show the configuration of Ethernet 0, Serial 0 • Show the running configuration of Router1 Backing up your configuration to a TFTP server Router1#copy running-config tftp • Type “172.10.0.10” for the TFTP host. • Type “Router1” to name the destination file. Router1#copy tftp running-config • Type “172.10.0.10” for the TFTP host. • Type “Router1” for the configuration file name.

  3. IP Routing • Nonroutable Protocols: • All communication occur on the one local net segment • Network source and destination infromation is not needed. • NetBEUI (NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface). • Routed Protocols: • Have packet headers with Network Layer address. • TCP/IP, Internetwork Packet Exchange/Squence Packet Exchange. • Every device must configured with a unique IP or IPX address.

  4. IP Routing • Routers forward packets by looking the routing table and discovering how to get remote networks. • A configured router have only information about directly connected networks. • What happens a router receives a packet with a network not listed in the routing table? Routing table for RouterC

  5. Different Types of Routing • Static • Default • Dynamic

  6. Static Routing • An administrator manually adds routes in each router’s table. • Benefits: • No overhead on the router CPU • No bandwidth usage between routers • Security • Disadvantages: • It is not feasible in large networks • Difficult to update • Administrators must know networking very well ip route [destination_network] [mask] [next-hop_address or exit interface] [administrative_distance] [permanent]

  7. Setting a Static Routing Table Establishing routes: Router1# show ip route : Router1(config)# ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 210.16.54.1 This command establishes an IP route to network 192.168.20 Add all other required routes in the routing table Type “crtl-Z” to exit from configuration mode. Check the status of the routing table using show ip route Removing routes: Router1(config)# no ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 210.16.54.1 Verifying: Router1# ping 192.168.10.50

  8. RouterA(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1 Default Routing • Use to send packets with a remote destination network not in the routing table to the next-hop router. • You can only use default routing on stub networks-those with only one exit port out of the network.

  9. Why use Default Routing?

  10. Dynamic Routing • In dynamic routing, protocols are used to find and update routing tables on routers. • A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when communicating between neighbor routers. • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) • Types of routing protocols • interior gateway protocols (IGPs) • RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF • exterior gateway protocols (EGPs) • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) • Types of IGPs • Distance Vector (RIP, IGRP) • Link State (OSPF) • Hybrid (EIGRP)

  11. Dynamic Routing Basics • Hop count is the number of routers a packet must pass through to reach a particular network. • An autonomous system (AS) is a group of routers under the control of a single administration, sharing the same routing table information. • Administrative Distance is used to rate trustworthiness of routing information, 0 being the most trusted and the 255 least trusted.

  12. Distance-Vector Routing Protocols • Each router broadcasts its entire routing table to neighbor routers at predetermined intervals (30 to 90 seconds). • Called routing by rumor

  13. RIP Pinhole Congestion • Two updates list the same remote network? • Two updates list the same remote network and have the same AD? • Two updates list the same remote network and have the same AD and hop count?

  14. Router Convergence Start Up Converged

  15. Problems in Distance-Vector Routing • It takes up CPU process and link bandwidth. • If a network outage happens, slow converge of distance-vector routing protocols can cause inconsistent routing tables. • routing loops (counting-to-infinity).

  16. Solutions • Maximum Hop Count • Split Horizon • Route positioning • Holddowns

  17. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • a true distance-vector protocol • sends complete routing table out all interfaces every 30 sec. • uses only hop count to determine the best way. • has maximum allowable hop count of 15 • is inefficient on large networks • uses three different timers • route update timer • route invalid timer • flush timer

  18. Setting up for Dynamic Routing • Configure your interfaces (see the next page) • Make sure that other routers in your network use the same routing protocol (RIP or IGRP). Lab_A(config)# router rip Lab_A(config-router)#network 201.100.11.0 ^Z • Check your settings with show ip route • Use ping to verify configuration and connectivity of the network devices. • You can use passive-interface serial 0 to stop RIP updates from being propagated out serial interface 0, but it can still receive RIP updates.

  19. Example for RIP configuration

  20. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) • Cisco-proprietary distance-vector routing protocol that can work only with Cisco routers. • maximum hop count of 255 (100 default) • can use bandwidth and delay of lines in order to choose the best route. • Timers to control the performance • update timers • invalid timers • holddown timers • flush

  21. Commands to verify your configuration

  22. Commands for configuration routing

  23. Commands to configure dynamic

More Related