1. MAMMALS • RESOURCES • 3 VIDEO CLIPS • MARSUPIALS • RAT DISSECTION • TEXT Chap 808-829

2. Class Mammalia kangaroo, bat, rodents, whales, monkey, giraffe, man, horse, dog • Incredible variety in size • 1.5 g bat to 100 ton whale • FEATURES • young born live after gestation in the female • mammary glands (sweat, oil, pheromone glands)

3. lung breathing throughout life • diaphragm separates abdominal and thoracic cavities

4. body covered with hair

5. 4 chambered heart • warm blooded

6. 7 neck vertebrae in most species • 2 pairs of limbs for locomotion

7. care for few young • internal fertilization • internal development

8. ORDER MONOTREMATA Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania • ie. platypus, echidna • most reptile like • lay eggs • echidna lays egg right into pouch • don't control body temperature well • cloaca • no nipples but have mammary glands

10. Platypus

11. echidna (spiny anteater) juvenile called “puggle”

12. ORDER MARSUPALES • Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania • ie. koala, kangaroo, opossum, wombat 250 species • pouched mammals • Show Koala video here

13. Koala Bear

14. Tasmanian Devil

15. Flying Phalangers

16. Wombat

18. opossum

19. Kangaroo

22. young born very helpless after a short gestation in the female • must crawl to the pouch • nipples in the pouch • Assign reading and text questions • (914-919)

23. Why are they so isolated in Australia? • Continents separated 60 million years ago and left Australia with no placentals and only marsupials and monotremes. • marsupials were out competed by placentals else where in the world • DEFINE convergent evolution • adaptive radiation

24. PLACENTAL MAMMALS (draw the placenta)

27. 14 orders • 95% of all mammals • placenta- organ in the uterus that connects mothers circulatory system to that of the baby

28. ORDERS of interest Ungulates • -some of the largest mammals • Why? Need a large stomach to digest coarse food (like the …….) • (cellulose primary component in the diet) • many are built for speed • long light legs, flexible spine, missing clavicle • leg joints lack rotation, basically pendulum movement

29. CLASSIFICATION (based on feet, teeth and skulls) • 2 Types • Perrissodactyla- horse, rhino, tapir (odd toed)

30. the “Ungulates”Perissodactyla

31. the “Ungulates”Perissodactyla

32. Formerly the most successful order (How do we measure success?) • Number of species, # individuals, land area, number of habitats

33. Artiodactyla • - camel, antelope, hippo, sheep, cow, pig, giraffe (even toed) • (currently the most successful)

34. Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes

35. Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes

37. Digestion • Bacteria in the gut aid in digestion, produces enzymes necessary to break down cellulose (chemical digestion) • Repeated chewing of regurgitated veg. Matter continues mechanical digestion in some species

38. Cows have a RUMEN = a chamber off the stomach for bacteria • Horse food flows through in 45 hours • Cow’s food flows through in 100 hrs

39. More efficient at extracting nutrients from food may explain this group’s success!!!!

40. PIGS (an even toed ungulate) • Terminology • Gilt- • Sow- • Boar- • Barrow- Virgin female Female that has given birth Male Castrated male

41. Farrow = giving birth • Gestation 3 m 3w 3d • Female puberty reached in 4-8 months, breed with in 1 year, heat 1-5 days, 2 ½ litters per year

42. COWS ARE EVIL(notes in honor of Mr. Bangert) • -require half the world’s useable land area • -methane gas production “green house gas” • -poor source of nutrition (high fat, cancer agents, antibiotics) • -protein available from other sources • -wasteful use of energy and water

43. ORDER RODENTIA • RAT DISSECTION • Rats, mice, porcupine, beaver • Chisel like front teeth • 40% of placental mammals • relatively small, adaptive, high reproductive rate, intelligent

44. MARINE MAMMALS (several orders) • Pinnipedea- seals, sea lions, walrus, otters • Related to carnivores • Predators • Blubber • Breed on land

45. Seal (cat face) • Can’t move back legs • Rear flippers • Hunted for skin and meat

46. sea lion (dog face) • walks like a quadrupeds • tricks in shows

47. Walrus • Feeds off inverts from bottom • Whiskers for feeling • Tusks for digging

48. Sirenia- manatee, dugongs • Italian for mermaid- relative of the elephant • Highly endangered • Only vegetarian • Skin, oil, meat (like veal) • Front flippers and fluke

49. Cetaceans- whales, dolphins, porpoises • 90 species only 5 fresh water • Whales • toothed- predators narwhal, killer, dolphin

50. Whales • baleen – filter feeders