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The Tools of History

The Tools of History. Chapter 1: pp. 4-45. Why even study history?. Why is history important? How can an understanding of history influence our decisions about issues we need to make today?. Geography and History. Geography: The Basics. The study of Earth, people, and how they interact.

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The Tools of History

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  1. The Tools of History Chapter 1: pp. 4-45

  2. Why even study history? • Why is history important? • How can an understanding of history influence our decisions about issues we need to make today?

  3. Geography and History • Geography: The Basics. • The study of Earth, people, and how they interact. • Geography is NOT geology. • Geology is the study of rocks, minerals, and other materials in the Earth. • Studies land forms and geologic processes, like volcanism and tectonic shift. • Geology is considered “hard science” or “real science”. • Geography is the study of how people interact with and use the Earth. • Geography is considered “social science”. • Does the Earth’s geology affect its geography? Why or why not? • How does geopgraphy affect history?

  4. Main Themes of Geography (p. 11) • Location: “Where is it?” • Relative and Absolute location. • Place: “What is it like there?” • Culture, Climate, Landforms, Politics, Economy, etc. • Region: “How are places similar and different from each other?” • Political, Cultural, Economic, Physical etc. • Movement: “How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?” • Human-Environment Interaction: “How do people use or change their environment to meet their needs? How do people deal with parts of the environment they can’t control?”

  5. Geographic Tools: Advantages and Disadvantages • Globes • Maps • Map Projections (p.17) • Different Maps for Different Purposes. • Political • Physical • Thematic • Mapping and Navigation Technology. • From early maps to GPS navigation on portable devices.

  6. Archaeology, Anthropology and History (p.27) • Archaeology: Searches for and studies artifacts to understand life from early history. • Pre-History? • Written records? • Anthropology: Studies human culture; both ancient and modern. • How do Archaeology, Anthropology and History connect?

  7. Tools to study history: Advantages and Disadvantages (p.39). • Primary Source • What is it? • Advantages and Disadvantages. • Secondary Source • What is it? • Advantages and Disadvantages. • Oral history or oral tradition. • What is it? • Advantages and Disadvantages. • Artifacts. • What are they? • Advantages and Disadvantages.

  8. Questions and Conclusions • Keep in mind, when it comes to history, none of us were actually there and in many cases, those who were had long since passed away. So to accurately conclude what happened, when it happened, and why it happens is the challenge that all historians face.

  9. Questions and Conclusions • What questions would you ask about a specific event? • What tools can help you answer those questions? • How can you determine the validity and/or credibility of your sources? • Primary or Secondary? • Facts v. “Truth”? • Data v. Opinions or Conjecture? • Biases and Motivaitons? • It has often been said that history is written by the winners, but does that make the history accurate?

  10. Questions and Conclusions • One historians reach a conclusion or answer to their questions, how can they verify if they are correct? • Validity of sources. • Evidence. • Peer review. • Critical Thinking and Common Sense.

  11. Guided Study Research Project. • Pick an ancient civilization. At the end of the semester, you will become the expert on this civilization. • Pre-Historic (Stone Age) Civilizations • Ancient Mesopotamia • Babylon • Assyria • Persia • Ancient Egypt • Nubia • Kush, Aksum or other Ancient African Cultures. • Ancient India • Ancient China • Ancient American Civilizations (North, Central and South America). • Ancient Hebrew Kingdoms and the Jewish Diaspora. • Ancient Greece • Ancient Roman Empire • Pre or post Christianity.

  12. Assignment Due 8/17/2017: Research Proposal. 30 Points • What civilization do you choose to study? • What is your thesis? Or questions you want to answer? • What are you trying to prove or discover about your civilization. • How will you find a combination of primary and secondary sources to help answer your questions or prove your thesis.

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