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Anglo-Saxon Culture

Anglo-Saxon Culture. Who’s left after the fall of the Roman Empire…?. Angles, Saxons, Jutes Small tribal units led by Kings or Chieftains Eventually form four primary kingdoms: Northumbria Mercia East Anglia Wessex. Hearth or Mead. King’s hall where he housed his warriors

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Anglo-Saxon Culture

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  1. Anglo-Saxon Culture

  2. Who’s left after the fall of the Roman Empire…? • Angles, Saxons, Jutes • Small tribal units led by Kings or Chieftains • Eventually form four primary kingdoms: • Northumbria • Mercia • East Anglia • Wessex

  3. Hearth or Mead • King’s hall where he housed his warriors • Warriors would provide food • King provided housing and safety • When safety was put into question, the king could potentially lose his warriors

  4. Societal Roles • King: • “Ring-bearer” • Provider for his tribe • Not selfish, shares all war “bounties” • “Heroic ideal” • Extraordinary feats • Proud, boastful

  5. Societal Roles • Warriors: • Every warrior is a member of a tribe • Tribes gave sense of identity • Warriors earn respect and spoils through their king and fellow warriors • Forms of disgrace • Being exiled or removed from tribe • Outliving the king

  6. Societal Roles • Women • Minimal role in Anglo-Saxon society • Cupbearers- They served the mead or hearth • Peace-weavers- They ended feuds

  7. Constant Feuding • Battles began daily • Avenging a family member • Defending territory • Protecting king • Ending a feud • “Wergild” the man price *specific to revenge* • Arranged marriage • Defeating an entire tribe

  8. Christian Crusades 1095-1291 • Primary causes/goals • To regain land lost after the fall of the Roman Empire • To convert pagans to Christians • Seven total crusades • The first-1095-1099 • The second- 1147-49 • The third- 1188-92 • The fourth- 1202-04 • The fifth- 1217-21 • The sixth- 1228-29 • The seventh- 1248-50

  9. Christian Crusades • 1st crusade • “Some of our men cut off the heads of their enemies; others shot them with arrows, so that they fell from the towers; others tortured them longer by casting them into the flames. Piles of heads, hands and feet were to be seen in the streets of the city. It was necessary to pick one's way over the bodies of men and horses. But these were small matters compared to what happened at the temple of Solomon, a place where religious services were ordinarily chanted. What happened there? If I tell the truth, it will exceed your powers of belief. So let it suffice to say this much at least, that in the temple and portico of Solomon, men rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins.”

  10. Language • Example of Beowulf in Old English vs Modern English Modern Translation LO, praise of the prowess of people-kingsof spear-armed Danes, in days long sped,we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore,awing the earls. Since erst he layfriendless, a foundling, fate repaid him:for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve,till before him the folk, both far and near,who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate,gave him gifts: a good king he!To him an heir was afterward born,a son in his halls, whom heaven sentto favor the folk, feeling their woethat erst they had lacked an earl for leaderso long a while; the Lord endowed him,the Wielder of Wonder, with world's renown.Famed was this Beowulf:[1] far flew the boast of him,son of Scyld, in the Scandian lands.So becomes it a youth to quit him wellwith his father's friends, by fee and gift, Original Version HWÆT, WE GAR-DEna in geardagum, þeodcyningaþrymgefrunon, huðaæþelingasellenfremedon! oft ScyldScefingsceaþenaþreatum, monegummægþummeodosetlaofteah, egsodeeorlas, syððanærestwearðfeasceaftfunden; he þæsfrofregebad,weox under wolcnumweorðmyndumþah,oðþæt him æghwylcymbsittendraoferhronradehyranscolde, gombangyldan; þætwæs god cyning! Ðæmeaferawæsæftercennedgeong in geardum, þone God sendefolce to frofre; fyrenðearfeongeat, þehieærdrugonaldorleaselangehwile; him þæsLiffrea, wuldresWealdendworoldareforgeaf, Beowulf wæsbreme --- blæd wide sprang--- ScyldeseaferaScedelandum in. Swascealgeonggumagodegewyrcean, fromumfeohgiftumonfæderbearme,

  11. Language • Old English still sounds like English, right? • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/language_timeline/index_embed.shtml

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