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Swine (Pig) Production

This detailed guide covers the fundamentals of swine production, focusing on the breeding, gestation, and care of pigs for pork production. Key terms such as castration, boar, sow, and gilt are defined, along with descriptions of popular breeds like Duroc, Berkshire, and Yorkshire. The reproduction process, including estrus, fertilization, and farrowing, is explained, detailing care for piglets, including anemia prevention and ear notching for identification. This resource is essential for understanding the effective management of swine operations.

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Swine (Pig) Production

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  1. Swine (Pig) Production

  2. Swine (Pig) Production • Main Purpose – to produce pork for Human consumption

  3. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Castration – the removal of testicals from the male swine for the purpose of improving feed conversion, disposition and meat quality

  4. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Boar– A male pig not castrated that is used for breeding purposes • Barrow- A male pig that IS castrated that is entirely meant for pork production

  5. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Sow– A female pig that has already produces a litter of baby pigs • Gilt- A female pig that has NOT produces a litter of baby pigs

  6. Breeds Of Swine

  7. Duroc • Origin-New York/New Jersey • Ears- Droopy • Color- Cherry Red • Misc.-Large Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed

  8. Hampshire • Origin-Kentucky • Ears-Erect • Color-Black with a White Belt • Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass

  9. Berkshire • Origin-England • Ears-Erect • Color-Black with 6 White Points • Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog

  10. Poland China • Origin-Ohio • Ears-Droopy • Color- Black w/6White points • Misc.-Long body thick hams

  11. Spots (Spotted Poland China) • Origin-Ohio • Ears-Droopy • Color-no less than 20% or more than 80% White • Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers

  12. Chester White • Origin-Pennsylvania • Ears-Droopy • Color-White with blue freckles • Misc.-good mothers, large frame

  13. Yorkshire • Origin-England • Ears-Erect • Color- White • Misc.-The Mother Breed, Largest Litters

  14. Landrace • Origin-Denmark • Ears-Droopy • Color-White • Misc.-Extremely Long Body

  15. Swine Reproduction

  16. Reproduction

  17. Estrus The period of time a sow is receptive to the male for breeding purposes Comes every 21 days Last for 3 days Ovulation (egg production) occurs Swine Reproduction

  18. Fertilization The period of time in which the sperm actually unites with the eggs Multi-fertilization which causes multi-pig litters Swine Reproduction

  19. Gestation The time between fertilization and giving birth (parturition) 114 Day or 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days Swine Reproduction

  20. Farrowing a sow The components of controlled delivery Put sow in crate 1-5 Days before due date Exercise Daily Feed 6 lbs daily Once babies are born add one pound per pig to ration Swine Reproduction

  21. Farrowing Baby Pig Care - first 2 weeks Have feed out from day 1 Give iron shot ¼ cc Clip Teeth Castrate Ear notch Swine Reproduction

  22. Piglet Anemia • Anemia is an iron deficiency of the blood. • The most natural way to treat for this is to place the piglet on a soil floor • The piglet will eat some of the soil • Soil contains trace amounts of iron

  23. Some farmers clip a piglets teeth. Why? • Piglets may bite at the tails of other piglets. This causes open wounds and possible infection.

  24. Some farmers clip a piglets teeth. Why? • Piglets will bite a the tails of other piglets, causing open wounds on the animal. • Cutting the tail is called TAIL DOCKING

  25. What is about to happen to the piglet in these pictures?

  26. Ear Notching Universal Swine Identification system Tags will come off in the feed pen Swine Reproduction

  27. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching

  28. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching

  29. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching • The right (litter) ear is equal to 9+3+3+1=16 • The left (pig) ear is equal to 3 • This is the 16-3 pig.

  30. PARTS OF THE PIG

  31. The End

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