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Exploring Sponges and Cnidarians: Invertebrate Wonders of the Sea

Dive into the fascinating world of sponges and cnidarians - two unique groups of invertebrates found in marine habitats. Learn about their anatomy, feeding habits, regeneration abilities, and diverse species. Discover the beauty and complexity of these sea creatures!

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Exploring Sponges and Cnidarians: Invertebrate Wonders of the Sea

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  1. Invertebrates Sponges & Cnidarians

  2. Sponges • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Porifera (sponges) • Simplest invertebrates • Asymmetrical (no symmetry!) • No tissues, gut or nerves

  3. How Do Sponges Eat? • Filter feeders: feed on tiny plants and animals • Water carries food into the sponge through pores (ostia) • Ostia: holes on the outside of the body • Inside the sponge, collar cells remove food from the water • Collar cells: special cells that line the central cavity of the sponge; they digest food • The water exits through an osculum • Osculum: hole at the top of the sponge

  4. Sponge Anatomy • Where does the water enter? • Where does the water exit? • What structure on the collar cells pushes the water up?

  5. Body Part Abilities • If a part of a sponge is broken off, the missing part can regenerate, or grow back • If a sponge is broken into pieces, new sponges could form from each piece • If you force a sponge body through a strainer, the separated cells could come back together and reform the same sponge!

  6. Kinds of Sponges • All live in the water (most in salt water) • Come in different shapes/sizes • Most sponges have a skeleton made of hard fibers called spicules • Grouped by their type of skeleton • Barrel sponge • Tube Sponge • Finger Sponge • Vase Sponge

  7. Cnidarians • Pronounced “nigh-dare-e-ins” • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Cnidaria • Invertebrates that have stinging cells • More complex than sponges • Have complex tissues, a gut & simple nerves • Include: jellyfish, hydrozoa, sea anemones and coral

  8. Two Body Forms • Cnidarians have ONE of the two body forms: • Medusa: swim through the water • Polyp: attach to a surface • Some change forms at different times in their life

  9. Special Cells • All cnidarians have tentacles covered with stinging cells • Nematocysts: stinging cells that release spears into an organism when it brushes the tentacles • Some can release poison • Used for protection and to catch food

  10. Kinds of Cnidarians **We split them into four classes: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Anthozoa Cubozoa

  11. Hydrozoans • Hydra, Portuguese Man-o’War • Hydra are always polyps (attached) • Live in fresh and salt water • Many live in colonies

  12. Scyphozoans • Jellyfish • Catch other inverts and fish in tentacles • Spend most of their life as a medusa

  13. Anthozoans • Sea Anemones and Corals • Spend their lives as polyps • Often brightly colored • Live in colonies

  14. Cubozoans • Are square shaped when viewed from above • Resemble true jellyfish • Have well developed eyes • Are one of the most deadliest animals in the ocean

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