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You Are the Emergency Medical Responder

Lesson 46: Disasters, Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction. You Are the Emergency Medical Responder.

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You Are the Emergency Medical Responder

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  1. Lesson 46: Disasters, Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction You Are the Emergency Medical Responder You are an EMR dispatched to the scene of an explosion. On arrival you are staged with other emergency vehicles one block away. You are told that police suspect that a building was targeted by an extremist group and it is uncertain if there were injuries from the blast.

  2. Terrorism The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

  3. Preparation for Disasters and Terrorism • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) • National Response Framework (NRF) • National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)

  4. National Incident Management System • Comprehensive national framework for managing incidents • Outline of structures for response activities for command and management • Provision of consistent, nationwide response at all levels

  5. Areas of NIMS • Incident command systems (ICS) • Multiagency coordination system (MACS) • Unified command, training, identification and management of resources • Mutual aid and assistance • Situational awareness • Qualifications and certification • Collection, tracking and reporting of incident information • Crisis action planning • Exercises

  6. Emergency Support Functions • Transportation • Communications • Public works and engineering • Firefighting • Emergency management • Mass care, emergency assistance, housing and human services • Logistics management and resource support

  7. Emergency Support Functions (cont’d) • Public health and medical services • Search and rescue • Oil and hazardous materials response • Agriculture and natural resources • Energy • Public safety and security • Long-term community recovery • External affairs

  8. Three Main Categories of Disasters • Natural • Human-caused (terrorist attacks, HAZMAT incidents and MCIs) • Biological

  9. The EMR’s Role • Leadership if first responder on the scene • If you are not the first responder on the scene— • Assist the leader. • Assume other roles. • Triage patients • Provide medical care • Provide patient reception at staging facilities • Prepare patients for evacuation

  10. Weapons of Mass Destruction Known by the acronym CBRNE: • Chemical • Biological • Radiological/Nuclear • Explosives

  11. Chemical Agents • Nerve agents • Blister agents • Blood agents • Pulmonary agents • Incapacitating agents

  12. Biological Weapons • Class A weapons • Class B weapons • Class C weapons

  13. Radiological/Nuclear Agents • Damage due to the following: • Air blast • Heat • Ionizing radiation • Ground shock • Secondary radiation

  14. Explosives and Incendiary Weapons • High-order explosives: supersonic over-pressurization shock wave • Low-order explosives: subsonic explosion

  15. Response to CBRNE/WMD Incident • Preparation • Medical direction • Personal preparation • Equipment • Transportation and communication • Equipment and supplies • Arrival on the scene • Scene safety • Providing care

  16. Nerve Agent Poisoning • Initial effects dependent on dose and route • Inhalation via gas • Absorption through skin • Ingestion from liquids or food • Dose and amount of exposure leads to varying effects

  17. Care for Nerve Agent Poisoning • Ventilation • Antidotes • Atropine • Pralidoxime chloride • Decontamination • Continued monitoring and transport (if ingested) • Nerve agent auto-injector kit (for self- or peer-administration of nerve agent antidote)

  18. Activity You and several other EMRs are providing care to patients at the scene involving exposure to a nerve agent. You observe a fellow EMR begin to sweat excessively and cough. He starts complaining of headache and nausea. You also notice a runny nose, watery eyes and pinpoint pupils. You suspect that he is exhibiting signs of nerve agent poisoning.

  19. You Are the Emergency Medical Responder There is some question about the cause of the explosion but police strongly suspect that is was a terrorist attack using a WMD, most likely a high-order explosive. While in the staging area you observe a large trash bag near a dumpster in close proximity to staged apparatus.

  20. Pandemic Flu • Three pillars: • Preparedness and communication • Surveillance and detection • Response and containment • Phases: • Early detection • Treatment with antiviral medications • Infection control measures • Vaccination

  21. Personal Preparedness • Get a kit • Make a plan • Be informed

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